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"2012-04-06T12:40:05"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:40:05"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: Modellierung" . . "2012-04-16T20:09:50"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:42:11"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:42:27"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:42:27"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:42:27"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:42:27"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:03"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:03"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:03"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:03"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:17"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:17"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:17"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:17"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:47"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:47"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:47"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:47"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:43:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:44:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:44:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:44:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Begriff: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:44:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-19T18:27:00"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "BIS: ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T14:55:21"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "new deck" . . "2012-04-06T12:48:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "new deck" . . "2012-04-06T12:48:14"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:48:38"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:48:53"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:01"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:11"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:20"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . "Grundbegriffe: Informationssystem" . . "2012-04-06T12:47:26"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen" . . "2012-04-06T12:52:42"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "BIS: Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-02T12:05:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "new deck" . . "2012-04-07T09:34:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "SlideWiki Documentation" . . "2012-03-30T12:19:56"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "new deck" . . "2012-04-07T09:34:33"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "new deck" . . "2012-04-07T10:01:03"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Slide editing" . . "2012-04-07T10:01:22"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Slide editing" . . "2012-04-07T10:01:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "SlideWiki Documentation" . . "2012-03-30T12:19:56"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Slide editing" . . "2012-04-08T23:58:57"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Slide editing" . . "2012-04-08T23:59:04"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "SlideWiki Documentation" . . "2012-03-30T12:19:56"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . . "Semantic Content Authoring" . . "2012-05-03T23:31:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE System" . . "2012-05-03T23:32:07"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Views for Semantic Authoring" . . "2012-05-03T23:33:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Combining NLP APIs" . . "2012-05-03T23:33:41"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-11T09:55:36"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen" . . "2012-04-06T12:52:42"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-11T09:55:36"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "BIS: Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-02T12:05:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Collaborative authoring of presentations" . . "2012-04-16T14:30:07"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-05-03T14:43:30"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modul \u0084Betriebliche Informationssysteme\u0093" . . "2012-04-16T15:20:45"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0085 in eigener Sache" . . "2012-04-16T14:17:27"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Modelle" . . "2012-04-16T20:14:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Betriebliche Informationssyste..." . . "2012-04-16T13:15:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "\u0084Aktuelle\u0093 Trends" . . "2012-04-16T15:01:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Metamodellierung" . . "2012-04-16T21:12:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "\u0084Aktuelle\u0093 Trends" . . "2012-04-16T15:01:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Metamodellierung" . . "2012-04-16T21:12:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Modellierung in BIS kontext" . . "2012-04-16T21:15:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:23"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung in BIS kontext" . . "2012-04-16T21:15:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Management und Organisation" . . "2012-04-06T12:49:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Grundbegriffe: Betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-06T12:27:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-18T14:56:51"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Modellierung" . . "2012-04-16T20:09:50"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-16T20:10:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Einfluss von und auf betriebliche Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-16T15:27:42"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-16T20:10:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Modellierung" . . "2012-04-16T20:09:50"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-16T20:10:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung - Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-16T20:16:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modelle" . . "2012-04-16T20:14:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-18T14:56:51"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T14:55:21"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-16T20:10:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-02T12:05:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung in BIS kontext" . . "2012-04-16T21:15:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Modellierung" . . "2012-04-16T20:09:50"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modul \u0084Betriebliche Informationssysteme\u0093" . . "2012-04-16T15:20:45"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "SlideWiki Documentation" . . "2012-03-30T12:19:56"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-02T12:05:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Metamodellierung" . . "2012-04-16T21:12:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:23"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung - Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-16T20:16:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . "Modelle" . . "2012-04-16T20:14:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Movable-gnomon sundials" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:22"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modelle" . . "2012-04-16T20:14:29"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung - Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-16T20:16:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Metamodellierung" . . "2012-04-16T21:12:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Movable-gnomon sundials" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:22"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Metamodellierung" . . "2012-04-16T21:12:19"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung - Grundlagen" . . "2012-04-16T20:16:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "LinkedGeoData3" . . "2012-04-23T13:27:05"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . "Movable-gnomon sundials" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:22"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:23"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T14:55:21"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:23"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T14:55:21"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Ereignisgesteuerte Prozessketten" . . "2012-04-18T15:12:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . "Metamodellierung in ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:13:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "ARIS in Detail" . . "2012-04-18T15:12:24"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-19T18:27:00"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T14:55:21"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-19T18:27:00"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "ARIS in Detail" . . "2012-04-18T15:12:24"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Sundial" . . "2012-04-19T18:27:00"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "ARIS in Detail" . . "2012-04-18T15:12:24"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Movable-gnomon sundials" . . "2012-04-20T09:48:22"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Modellierung mit ARIS" . . "2012-04-18T15:05:28"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-04-18T14:56:51"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "LinkedGeoData3" . . "2012-04-23T13:27:05"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)" . . "2012-04-24T18:00:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Anwendungssystemklassen" . . "2012-04-24T17:57:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)" . . "2012-04-24T18:00:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Funktionale Zuordnung \u000Boperativer Systeme" . . "2012-04-24T18:00:55"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Integrierte Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-24T18:04:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Integrierte Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-24T18:04:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Funktionsbereich- und \u000BProzess\u00FCbergreifende Integrationskomplexe" . . "2012-04-24T18:07:24"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Unterst\u00FCtzende Systeme" . . "2012-04-24T18:09:42"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Branchenspezifische Systeme" . . "2012-04-24T18:10:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: Anwendungssystemklassen" . . "2012-04-24T17:57:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Anwendungssystemklassen" . . "2012-04-24T17:57:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: Anwendungssystemklassen" . . "2012-04-24T17:57:48"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Integrierte Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-24T18:04:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ERP" . . "2012-04-27T15:36:37"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "Historische Entwicklung" . . "2012-05-02T11:36:12"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "BIS: ERP" . . "2012-04-27T15:36:37"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . "Open Source ERP Systeme" . . "2012-05-02T11:37:32"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . "Beispiel SAP" . . "2012-05-02T11:40:38"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Beispiel GODYO" . . "2012-05-02T23:56:41"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: ERP" . . "2012-04-27T15:36:37"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Beispiel GODYO" . . "2012-05-02T23:56:41"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: ERP" . . "2012-04-27T15:36:37"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Computer Integrated Manufacturing" . . "2012-05-03T14:46:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: CIM und SCM" . . "2012-05-03T13:20:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "R\u00FCckblick" . . "2012-05-03T14:43:30"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Computer Integrated Manufacturing" . . "2012-05-03T14:46:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Motivation" . . "2012-05-03T14:44:10"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . "Computer Integrated Manufacturing" . . "2012-05-03T14:46:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . "Alignment von Enterprise Vokabularen" . . "2012-05-03T22:13:16"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Computer Integrated Manufacturing" . . "2012-05-03T14:46:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . "Alignment von Enterprise Vokabularen" . . "2012-05-03T22:13:16"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Supply Chain Management" . . "2012-05-03T14:47:59"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: CIM und SCM" . . "2012-05-03T13:20:13"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . "Computer Integrated Manufacturing" . . "2012-05-03T14:46:58"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Beispiel GODYO" . . "2012-05-16T01:51:18"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Integration von Ontowiki in Microsoft Sharepoint" . . "2012-05-08T13:52:49"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Sementic Web basiertes Software-Engineering" . "Eine neue kollaborative Pr\u00E4sentation" . . "2012-05-04T00:53:40"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Semantic Content Authoring" . . "2012-05-03T23:31:16"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE System" . . "2012-05-03T23:32:07"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Views for Semantic Authoring" . . "2012-05-03T23:33:02"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Combining NLP APIs" . . "2012-05-03T23:33:41"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "RDFaCE - COMPSAC 2012" . "presentation prepared for COMPSAC 2012" . . "2012-04-10T10:03:54"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Sementic Web basiertes Software-Engineering" . "Eine neue kollaborative Pr\u00E4sentation" . . "2012-05-04T00:53:40"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Semantic Web - First Presentat..." . "First presentation for Semantic Web class about practical training. The slide should explain what the training is about and introduce the tasks that will be worked on during this training." . . "2012-05-05T17:22:08"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: E-Business" . . "2012-05-14T11:02:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "E-Business" . . "2012-05-14T11:12:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "E-Commerce" . . "2012-05-14T11:14:17"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "BIS: E-Business" . . "2012-05-14T11:02:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Vorlesungsreihe Informationssysteme" . . "2012-04-25T13:13:39"^^ . "CC BY" . . . . "BIS: E-Business" . . "2012-05-14T11:02:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Beispiel GODYO" . . "2012-05-16T01:51:18"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "BIS: E-Business" . . "2012-05-14T11:02:25"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Beispiel GODYO" . . "2012-05-16T01:51:18"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . . . . "Informationssystem Beispiele" . . "2012-04-16T16:12:54"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "Benefits" . . "2012-05-16T21:23:08"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . "SlideWiki Documentation" . . "2012-03-30T12:19:56"^^ . "CC BY" . . . "Benefits" . . "2012-05-16T21:23:08"^^ . "new deck created!" . "CC BY" . . . . . . "earthquakesan@gmail.com" . "earthquake" . "2011-10-18T11:36:52"^^ . . "darya.tarasowa@gmail.com" . "vassilisha" . "2011-10-15T00:32:52"^^ . . "hyperir@gmail.com" . "ali1k" . "2012-03-29T17:57:45"^^ . . "soeren.auer@gmail.com" . "soeren" . "2011-11-04T11:14:39"^^ . . "daria.tarasowa@gmail.com" . "vassi" . "2011-11-29T15:30:21"^^ . . "frischmuth@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "pfrischmuth" . "2011-11-01T16:03:29"^^ . . "tramp@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "seebi" . "2011-11-01T20:12:31"^^ . . "morsey@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "morsey" . "2011-11-02T14:19:27"^^ . . "riechert@informatik.uni-lepzig.de" . "TRiechert" . "2012-05-04T11:17:42"^^ . . "cstadler@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "ClausStadler" . "2011-11-03T00:00:13"^^ . . "zaveri@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "amrapali" . "2011-11-03T12:42:03"^^ . . "Hulgar@gmx.net" . "Apocalypsium" . "2011-11-03T13:45:49"^^ . . "unbehauen@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "JoergUnbehauen" . "2011-11-04T12:36:48"^^ . . "heino@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "0xfeedface" . "2011-11-04T13:23:26"^^ . . "lehmann@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "Jens Lehmann" . "2011-11-04T15:12:12"^^ . . "t.soru@studserv.uni-leipzig.de" . "tsoru" . "2011-11-04T16:19:52"^^ . . "sa.shekarpour@gmail.com" . "shekarpour" . "2011-11-04T22:05:50"^^ . . "martin@informatik.uni-leipzig.de" . "Micha" . "2011-11-07T08:46:07"^^ . . "dimitris.spachos@gmail.com" . "Dimitris" . "2012-04-07T22:00:06"^^ . . "m@rkusa.st" . "rkusa" . "2012-04-11T14:32:20"^^ . . "splashfire@web.de" . "ramastuh" . "2012-04-11T14:35:57"^^ . . "winfr@tu-chemnitz.de" . "winfr" . "2012-04-11T17:01:40"^^ . . "dominik.pretzsch@gmail.com" . "dominikp" . "2012-04-11T23:59:59"^^ . . "oliver.grund@s2005.tu-chemnitz.de" . "OlliG" . "2012-04-15T18:01:30"^^ . . "philipp.hauer@s2011.tu-chemnitz.de" . "philipphauer" . "2012-04-18T17:09:54"^^ . . "morge@tu-chemnitz.eu" . "murray2k" . "2012-04-19T20:17:36"^^ . . "admin@dihco.de" . "Martin Wegner" . "2012-04-21T14:34:42"^^ . . "tugba.yardimci@s2011.tu-chemnitz.de" . "Tgbyrdmc" . "2012-04-29T14:15:51"^^ . . "patrick.westphal@studserv.uni-leipzig.de" . "pw" . "2012-05-03T22:11:53"^^ . . "mail@naraesk.eu" . "naraesk" . "2012-05-04T00:53:07"^^ . . "arndtn@gmail.com" . "white_gecko" . "2012-05-04T12:16:50"^^ . . "fstumpfi@online.de" . "fstumpfi" . "2012-05-05T17:02:18"^^ . . "johannes-goetze@t-online.de" . "jgoetze" . "2012-05-05T17:13:46"^^ . . "2011-12-14T14:12:12"^^ . "

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Introduction

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Introduction

The Sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the sun.

In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style onto a surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day.

The style is the time-telling edge of the gnomon, often a thin rod or a sharp, straight edge.

As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow-edge aligns with different hour-lines.



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Ancient sundials

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the [Old \nTestament] describes a sundial \u00E2\u0080\u0094 the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) \u00E2\u0080\u0094 which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.

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Sundial in Ancient Greece

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Sundial in Ancient Greece

The ancient Greeks developed many of the principles and forms of the sundial.
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Sundials are believed to have been introduced into Greece by Anaxymander of Miletus, c. 560 BC.
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According to Herodotus,\n the Greeks sundials were initially derived from the Babylonian \ncounterparts.
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The Greeks were well-positioned to develop the science of \nsundials, having founded the science of geometry, and in particular \ndiscovering the conic sections that are traced by a sundial nodus.
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The mathematician and astronomer Theodosyus of Bithynia (ca. 160 BC-ca. 100 BC) is said to have invented a universal sundial that could be used anywhere on Earth.

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Sundial in Ancient Rome

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Sundial in Ancient Rome

The Romans adopted the Greek sundials, so much so that Plautus\n complained in one of his plays about his day being \"chopped into \npieces\" by the ubiquitous sundials.

Writing in ca. 25 BC, the Roman \nauthor Vitruvius listed all the known types of dials in Book IX of his De Architectura, together with their Greek inventors.

All of these 13 names are believed to be nodus-type sundials, differing mainly in the surface that receives the shadow of the nodus.

The Romans built a very large sundial in 10 BC, the Solarium Augusti, which is a classic nodus-based obelisk casting a shadow on a planar pelekinon.

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Sundial in Islamic Caliphate

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Sundial in Islamic Caliphate

Since the Greek dials were nodus-based with straight hour-lines, they \nindicated unequal hours \u00E2\u0080\u0094 also called temporary hours \u00E2\u0080\u0094 that varied with\n the seasons, since every day was divided into twelve equal segments; \nthus, hours were shorter in winter and longer in summer.

The idea of \nusing hours of equal time length throughout the year was the innovation \nof Abu'l-Hasan Ibn-Al-Shatir in 1371, based on earlier developments in trigonometry by Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Harrani al-Battani (Albategni).

Ibn al-Shatir was aware that \"using a gnomon\n that is parallel to the Earth's axis will produce sundials whose hour \nlines indicate equal hours on any day of the year.\"

His sundial is the \noldest polar-axis sundial still in existence.

The concept later appeared\n in Western sundials from at least 1446.

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Renaissance sundials

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Renaissance sundials

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Renaissance sundials

The onset of the Renaissance saw an explosion of new designs.

Italian astronomer Giovanni Padovani\n published a treatise on the sundial in 1570, in which he included \ninstructions for the manufacture and laying out of mural (vertical) and \nhorizontal sundials.

Giuseppe Biancani's Constructio instrumenti ad horologia solaria (ca. 1620) discusses how to make a perfect sundial, with accompanying illustrations.\n

The oldest sundial in England is incorporated into the Bewcastle Cross ca. 800 AD.

The dial is divided into four tides, covering the parts of \nthe working day in areas influenced by the Vikings, a maritime culture \nwhich noted the passage of time in the progression of the two high and \ntwo low tides each day.


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Sundials nowadays

Designers of the Taipai 101, the first record-setting skyscraper in the third millenium, brought the ancient tradition forward.
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The tower, tallest in the world when it opened in taiwan\n in 2004, stands over half a kilometer in height.
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The design of an \nadjoining park uses the tower as the style for a huge horizontal \nsundial.

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Sundials nowadays

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Description

The most commonly observed sundials are those in which the \nshadow-casting style is fixed in position and aligned with the Earth's \nrotational axis, being oriented with true North and South, and making an angle with the horizontal equal to the geographical latitude.

This axis is aligned with the celestial poles, which is closely, but not perfectly, aligned with the (present) pole star Polaris.

On any given day, the Sun appears to rotate uniformly about this axis, \nat about 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour, making a full circuit (360\u00C2\u00B0) in 24 hours.

A linear gnomon aligned with this axis will cast a sheet of shadow (a\n half-plane) that, falling opposite to the Sun, likewise rotates about \nthe celestial axis at 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour.

The shadow is seen by falling on a \nreceiving surface that is usually flat, but which may be spherical, \ncylindrical, conical or of other shapes.

If the shadow falls on a \nsurface that is symmetrical about the celestial axis (as in an armillary\n sphere, or an equatorial dial), the surface-shadow likewise moves \nuniformly; the hour-lines on the sundial are equally spaced.

However, if\n the receiving surface is not symmetrical (as in most horizontal \nsundials), the surface shadow generally moves non-uniformly and the \nhour-lines are not equally spaced; one exception is the Lambert dial.\n

Some types of sundials are designed with a fixed gnomon that is not \naligned with the celestial poles, such as a vertical obelisk.

Such \nsundials are covered under the section, \"Nodus-based sundials\".

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Description

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Brief typology

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Description

The most commonly observed sundials are those in which the \nshadow-casting style is fixed in position and aligned with the Earth's \nrotational axis, being oriented with true North and South, and making an angle with the horizontal equal to the geographical latitude.

This axis is aligned with the celestial poles, which is closely, but not perfectly, aligned with the (present) pole star Polaris.

On any given day, the Sun appears to rotate uniformly about this axis, \nat about 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour, making a full circuit (360\u00C2\u00B0) in 24 hours.

A linear gnomon aligned with this axis will cast a sheet of shadow (a\n half-plane) that, falling opposite to the Sun, likewise rotates about \nthe celestial axis at 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour.


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Brief typology

The shadow is seen by falling on a \nreceiving surface that is usually flat, but which may be spherical, \ncylindrical, conical or of other shapes.

If the shadow falls on a \nsurface that is symmetrical about the celestial axis (as in an armillary\n sphere, or an equatorial dial), the surface-shadow likewise moves \nuniformly; the hour-lines on the sundial are equally spaced.

However, if\n the receiving surface is not symmetrical (as in most horizontal \nsundials), the surface shadow generally moves non-uniformly and the \nhour-lines are not equally spaced; one exception is the Lambert dial.\n

Some types of sundials are designed with a fixed gnomon that is not \naligned with the celestial poles, such as a vertical obelisk.

Such \nsundials are covered under the section, \"Nodus-based sundials\".

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Equatorial sundials

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Equatorial sundials

The distinguishing characteristic of the equatorial dial (also called the equinoctial dial) is the planar surface that receives the shadow, which is exactly perpendicular to the gnomon's style.

This plane is called equatorial, because it is parallel to the equator \nof the Earth and of the celestial sphere.

If the gnomon is fixed and \naligned with the Earth's rotational axis, the sun's apparent rotation \nabout the Earth casts a uniformly rotating sheet of shadow from the \ngnomon; this produces a uniformly rotating line of shadow on the \nequatorial plane. Since the sun rotates 360\u00C2\u00B0 in 24 hours, the hour-lines\n on an equatorial dial are all spaced 15\u00C2\u00B0 apart (360/24).

The uniformity\n of their spacing makes this type of sundial easy to construct.

Both \nsides of the equatorial dial must be marked, since the shadow will be \ncast from below in winter and from above in summer.

Near the equenoxes\n in spring and autumn, the sun moves on a circle that is nearly the same\n as the equatorial plane; hence, no clear shadow is produced on the \nequatorial dial at those times of year, a drawback of the design.

\nA nodus is sometimes added to equatorial sundials, which \nallows the sundial to tell the time of year.

On any given day, the \nshadow of the nodus moves on a circle on the equatorial plane, and the \nradius of the circle measures the declination\n of the sun.

The ends of the gnomon bar may be used as the nodus, or \nsome feature along its length.

An ancient variant of the equatorial \nsundial has only a nodus (no style) and the concentric circular \nhour-lines are arranged to resemble a spider-web

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vdsbf

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Equatorial sundials

The distinguishing characteristic of the equatorial dial (also called the equinoctial dial) is the planar surface that receives the shadow, which is exactly perpendicular to the gnomon's style.

This plane is called equatorial, because it is parallel to the equator \nof the Earth and of the celestial sphere.

If the gnomon is fixed and \naligned with the Earth's rotational axis, the sun's apparent rotation \nabout the Earth casts a uniformly rotating sheet of shadow from the \ngnomon; this produces a uniformly rotating line of shadow on the \nequatorial plane. Since the sun rotates 360\u00C2\u00B0 in 24 hours, the hour-lines\n on an equatorial dial are all spaced 15\u00C2\u00B0 apart (360/24).

The uniformity\n of their spacing makes this type of sundial easy to construct.


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Equatorial sundials

Both \nsides of the equatorial dial must be marked, since the shadow will be \ncast from below in winter and from above in summer.

Near the equenoxes\n in spring and autumn, the sun moves on a circle that is nearly the same\n as the equatorial plane; hence, no clear shadow is produced on the \nequatorial dial at those times of year, a drawback of the design.

\nA nodus is sometimes added to equatorial sundials, which \nallows the sundial to tell the time of year.

On any given day, the \nshadow of the nodus moves on a circle on the equatorial plane, and the \nradius of the circle measures the declination\n of the sun.

The ends of the gnomon bar may be used as the nodus, or \nsome feature along its length.

An ancient variant of the equatorial \nsundial has only a nodus (no style) and the concentric circular \nhour-lines are arranged to resemble a spider-web

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Horizontal sundials

In the horizontal sundial (also called a garden sundial),\n the plane that receives the shadow is aligned horizontally, rather than\n being perpendicular to the style as in the equatorial dial.

Hence, the line of shadow does not rotate uniformly on the dial face; rather, the hour lines are spaced according to the rule

\n\"\n\\tan\n

where \u00CE\u00BB is the sundial's geographical latitude (and the angle the style makes with horizontal), \u00CE\u00B8 is the angle between\n a given hour-line and the noon hour-line (which always points towards true North) on the plane, and t is the number of hours before or after noon.

For example, the angle \u00CE\u00B8 of the 3pm hour-line would equal the arctangent of sin(\u00CE\u00BB), since tan(45\u00C2\u00B0) = 1.

When \u00CE\u00BB equals 90\u00C2\u00B0 (at the North Pole),\n the horizontal sundial becomes an equatorial sundial; the style points \nstraight up (vertically), and the horizontal plane is aligned with the \nequatorial place; the hour-line formula becomes \u00CE\u00B8 = 15\u00C2\u00B0 \u00C3\u0097 t, as for an \nequatorial dial.

However, a horizontal sundial is impractical on the \nEarth's equator, where \u00CE\u00BB equals 0\u00C2\u00B0, the style would lie flat in the plane and cast no shadow.

\n

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Horizontal sundials

The chief advantages of the horizontal sundial are that it is easy to\n read, and the sun lights the face throughout the year.

All the \nhour-lines intersect at the point where the gnomon's style crosses the \nhorizontal plane.

Since the style is aligned with the Earth's rotational\n axis, the style points true North and its angle with the horizontal equals the sundial's geographical latitude\n \u00CE\u00BB.

A sundial designed for one latitude can be used in another latitude,\n provided that the sundial is tilted upwards or downwards by an angle \nequal to the difference in latitude.

For example, a sundial designed for\n a latitude of 40\u00C2\u00B0 can be used at a latitude of 45\u00C2\u00B0, if the sundial \nplane is tilted upwards by 5\u00C2\u00B0, thus aligning the style with the Earth's \nrotational axis

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Vertical sundials

In the common vertical dial, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned vertically; as usual, the gnomon's style is aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation.

As in the horizontal dial, the line of shadow does not move uniformly on the face; the sundial is not equiangular.

If the face of the vertical dial points directly south, the angle of the hour-lines is instead described by the formula:

\n\"\n\\tan\n

where \u00CE\u00BB is the sundial's geographical latitude, \u00CE\u00B8 is the angle between a given hour-line and the noon hour-line (which always points due north) on the plane, and t is the number of hours before or after noon.

For example, the angle \u00CE\u00B8 of the 3pm hour-line would equal the arctangent of cos(\u00CE\u00BB), since tan(45\u00C2\u00B0) = 1.

Interestingly, the shadow moves counter-clockwise on a South-facing vertical dial, whereas it runs clockwise on horizontal and equatorial dials.


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Vertical sundials

Dials that face due South, North, East or West are called vertical direct dials.

If the face of a vertical dial does not\n face due South, the hours of sunlight that the dial receives may be \nlimited.

For example, a vertical dial that faces due East will tell time\n only in the morning hours; in the afternoon, the sun does not shine on \nits face.

Vertical dials that face due East or West are polar dials,\n which will be described below.

Vertical dials that face North are \nrarely used, since they tell time only before 6am or after 6pm, by local\n solar time.

For non-direct vertical dials \u00E2\u0080\u0094 those that face in \nnon-cardinal directions \u00E2\u0080\u0094 the mathematics of arranging the hour-lines \nbecomes more complicated, and is often done by observation; such dials \nare said to be declining dials.

\n\n\n\"\"\n\n\"\"\n\"Double\" sundials in Nov\u00C3\u00A9m M\u00C4\u009Bst\u00C4\u009B nad Metuj\u00C3\u00AD, Czech Republic

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Vertical sundials

Vertical dials are commonly mounted on the walls of buildings, such as town-halls, cupolas\n and church-towers, where they are easy to see from far away.

In some \ncases, vertical dials are placed on all four sides of a rectangular \ntower, providing the time throughout the day.

The face may be painted on\n the wall, or displayed in inlaid stone; the gnomon is often a single \nmetal bar, or a tripod of metal bars for rigidity.

If the wall of the \nbuilding does not face in a cardinal direction such as due South, the \nhour lines must be corrected.

Since the gnomon's style is aligned with \nthe Earth's rotation axis, it points true North and its angle with the horizontal equals the sundial's geographical latitude; consequently, its angle with the vertical face of the dial equals the colatitude, or 90\u00C2\u00B0-latitude.

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Polar dials

In polar dials, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned parallel to the gnomon-style.

\n Thus, the shadow slides sideways over the surface, moving \nperpendicularly to itself as the sun rotates about the style.

As with \nthe gnomon, the hour-lines are all aligned with the Earth's rotational \naxis.

When the sun's rays are nearly parallel to the plane, the shadow \nmoves very quickly and the hour lines are spaced far apart.

The direct \nEast- and West-facing dials are examples of a polar dial.


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Polar dials

However, the \nface of a polar dial need not be vertical; it need only be parallel to \nthe gnomon.
\n

\n

Thus, a plane inclined at the angle of latitude (relative to\n horizontal) under the similarly inclined gnomon will be a polar dial.
\n

\n

The perpendicular spacing X of the hour-lines in the plane is described by the formula\n \"\nX\n

\n

where H is the height of the style above the plane, and t\n is the time (in hours) before or after the center-time for the polar \ndial.

The center time is the time when the style's shadow falls directly\n down on the plane; for an East-facing dial, the center time will be \n6am, for a West-facing dial, this will be 6pm, and for the inclined dial\n described above, it will be noon.

When t approaches \u00C2\u00B16 hours away from the center time, the spacing X diverges to \u00E2\u0088\u009E; this occurs when the sun's rays become parallel to the plane.

\n

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Polar dials

However, the \nface of a polar dial need not be vertical; it need only be parallel to \nthe gnomon.
\n

\n

Thus, a plane inclined at the angle of latitude (relative to\n horizontal) under the similarly inclined gnomon will be a polar dial.
\n

\n

The perpendicular spacing X of the hour-lines in the plane is described by the formula\n \"\nX\n

\n

where H is the height of the style above the plane, and t\n is the time (in hours) before or after the center-time for the polar \ndial.

The center time is the time when the style's shadow falls directly\n down on the plane; for an East-facing dial, the center time will be \n6am, for a West-facing dial, this will be 6pm, and for the inclined dial\n described above, it will be noon.

When t approaches \u00C2\u00B16 hours away from the center time, the spacing X diverges to ~; this occurs when the sun's rays become parallel to the plane.

\n

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Vertical declinning dials

\"\"\n\n\"\"\nEffect of declining on a sundial's hour-lines.

A declining dial is any non-horizontal, planar dial that does not face in a cardinal direction.

\n As usual, the gnomon's style is aligned with the Earth's rotational \naxis, but the hour-lines are not symmetrical about the noon hour-line.


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Vertical declining dials

For a vertical dial, the angle \u00CE\u00B8 between the noon hour-line and another \nhour-line is given by the formula

\n\n\"\n\\tan\n

where \u00CE\u00BB is the sundial's geographical latitude, t is the time before or after noon, and \u00CE\u00B7 is the angle of declination from true South.
\n

\n

When such a dial faces South (\u00CE\u00B7=0\u00C2\u00B0), this formula reduces to the formula given above, tan \u00CE\u00B8 = cos \u00CE\u00BB tan(15\u00C2\u00B0 \u00C3\u0097 t).

\n\n

When a sundial is not aligned with a cardinal direction, the substyle\n of its gnomon is not aligned with the noon hour-line.
\n

\n

The angle \u00CE\u00B2 \nbetween the substyle and the noon hour-line is given by the formula:

\n\n\"\n\\tan\n

If a vertical sundial faces true South or North (\u00CE\u00B7=0\u00C2\u00B0 or 180\u00C2\u00B0, \nrespectively), the correction \u00CE\u00B2=0\u00C2\u00B0 and the substyle is aligned with the \nnoon hour-line.

\n\n

The height of the gnomon, \u00CE\u00B3 (that is the angle the style makes to the plate) is

\n\n\"\n\\sin

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Vertical declining dials

\"\"\n\n\"\"\nEffect of declining on a sundial's hour-lines.

A declining dial is any non-horizontal, planar dial that does not face in a cardinal direction.

\n As usual, the gnomon's style is aligned with the Earth's rotational \naxis, but the hour-lines are not symmetrical about the noon hour-line.


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Spherical sundials

The surface receiving the shadow need not be a plane, but can have \nany shape, provided that the sundial maker is willing to mark the \nhour-lines.

If the style is aligned with the Earth's rotational axis, a \nspherical shape is convenient since the hour-lines are equally spaced, \nas they are on the equatorial dial above; the sundial is equiangular.

This is the principle behind the armillary sphere and the equatorial bow sundial. However, some equiangular sundials \u00E2\u0080\u0094 such as the Lambert dial described below \u00E2\u0080\u0094 are based on other principles.


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Spherical sundials

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Other non-planar sundials

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Other nonplanar sundials

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Other nonplanar sundials

Other non-planar surfaces may be used to receive the shadow of the \ngnomon.
\n

\n\n

For example, the gnomon may be aligned with the celestial poles \nand located also along the symmetry axis of a cone or a cylinder.

\n\n

Due to\n the symmetry, the hour lines on such surfaces will be equally spaced, \nas on an equatorial dial or an armillary sphere.
\n

\n\n

The conical dial is \nvery old, and was the basis for one type of chalice sundial; the style was a vertical pin within a conical goblet, within which were inscribed the hour lines.

\n\n\n

As an elegant alternative, the gnomon may be located on the \ncircumference of a cylinder or sphere, rather than at its center of \nsymmetry.
\n

\n\n

In that case, the hour lines are again spaced equally, but at double the usual angle.

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Spherical sundials

In the equatorial bow sundial, the gnomon is a bar, slot or \nstretched wire parallel to the celestial axis.
\n

\n\n\n

The face is a semicircle \n(corresponding to the equator of the sphere, with markings on the inner \nsurface).

\n

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Spherical sundials

In the equatorial bow sundial, the gnomon is a bar, slot or \nstretched wire parallel to the celestial axis.
\n

\n\n\n

The face is a semicircle \n(corresponding to the equator of the sphere, with markings on the inner \nsurface).


\n

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Spherical sundials

In the equatorial bow sundial, the gnomon is a bar, slot or \nstretched wire parallel to the celestial axis.
\n

\n\n\n

The face is a semicircle \n(corresponding to the equator of the sphere, with markings on the inner \nsurface).

In the equatorial bow sundial, the gnomon is a bar, slot or \nstretched wire parallel to the celestial axis.

The face is a semicircle \n(corresponding to the equator of the sphere, with markings on the inner \nsurface.

This pattern, built a couple of meters wide out of \ntemperature-invariant steel invar, was used to keep the trains running on time in France before World War I

\n

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Other nonplanar sundials

Other non-planar surfaces may be used to receive the shadow of the \ngnomon.
\n

\n\n

For example, the gnomon may be aligned with the celestial poles \nand located also along the symmetry axis of a cone or a cylinder.

\n\n

Due to\n the symmetry, the hour lines on such surfaces will be equally spaced, \nas on an equatorial dial or an armillary sphere.
\n

\n\n

The conical dial is \nvery old, and was the basis for one type of chalice sundial; the style was a vertical pin within a conical goblet, within which were inscribed the hour lines.

\n\n\n

As an elegant alternative, the gnomon may be located on the \ncircumference of a cylinder or sphere, rather than at its center of \nsymmetry.
\n

\n\n

In that case, the hour lines are again spaced equally, but at double the usual angle.


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Description

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Description

In addition to the sundials have a gnomon that is designed to be moved \nover the course of the year. In other words, the position of the gnomon \nrelative to the center of the hour lines can vary.

The advantage of such\n dials is that the gnomon need not be aligned with the celestial poles \nand may even be perfectly vertical (the analemmatic dial).

A second \nadvantage is that such dials, when combined with a fixed-gnomon sundial,\n allow the user to determine true Norht\n with no other aid; the two sundials are correctly aligned if and only \nif the time on the two sundials agrees.

This is a useful property for \nportable sundials.

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Universal equinoctical ring dial

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Universal equinoctical ring dial

\"\" Universal ring dial.

\n

A universal equinoctial ring dial (sometimes called a ring dial for brevity, ) is a portable version of an armillary sundial.

It was likely invented by William Oughtred around 1600 and became common throughout Europe.

\n

In its simplest form, the style is a thin slit that allows the sun's \nrays to fall on the hour-lines of an equatorial ring.

As usual, the \nstyle is aligned with the Earth's axis; to do this, the user may orient \nthe dial towards true North and suspend the ring dial vertically from the appropriate point on the \nmeridian ring.


\n\n\n

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Universal equinoctical ring dial

Such dials may be made self-aligning with the addition of\n a more complicated central bar, instead of a simple slit-style.
\n

\n

These \nbars are sometimes an addition to a set of Gemma's rings.

\n This bar could pivot about its end points and held a perforated slider \nthat was positioned to the month and day according to a scale scribed on\n the bar.

The time was determined by rotating the bar towards the sun so\n that the light shining through the hole fell on the equatorial ring.

This forced the user to rotate the instrument, which had the effect of \naligning the instrument's vertical ring with the meridian.

\n\n

When not in use, the equatorial and meridian rings can be folded together into a small disk.


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Lambert dial

The Lambert dial is another movable-gnomon sundial.

In contrast to the elliptical analemmatic dial, the Lambert dial is circular with evenly spaced hour lines, making it an equiangular sundial,\n similar to the equatorial, spherical, cylindrical and conical dials \ndescribed above.

The gnomon of a Lambert dial is neither vertical or \naligned with the Earth's rotational axis; rather, it is tilted \nnorthwards by an angle \u00CE\u00B1 = 45\u00C2\u00B0 - (\u00CE\u00A6/2), where \u00CE\u00A6 is the geographical latitude.

Thus, a Lambert dial located at latitude 40\u00C2\u00B0 would have a gnomon tilted\n away from vertical by 25\u00C2\u00B0 in a northerly direction.

To read the correct\n time, the gnomon must also be moved northwards by a distance

\n\"\nY\n

where R is the radius of the Lambert dial and \u00CE\u00B4 again indicates the Sun's declination for that time of year.

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Human shadows

The length of a human shadow (or of any vertical object) can be used to measure the sun's elevation and, thence, the time.

The Venerable Bede gave a table for estimating the time from the length of one's shadow in\n feet, on the assumption that a monk's height is six times the length of\n his foot.

Such shadow lengths will vary with the geographical latitude and with the time of year.

For example, the shadow length at noon is short in summer months, and long in winter months.

\n

Chaucer evokes this method a few times in his Canterbury Tales, as in his Parson's Tale

\n\n\n\u00E2\u0080\u009C\nIt was four o'clock according to my guess,
\nSince eleven feet, a little more or less,
\nmy shadow at the time did fall,
\nConsidering that I myself am six feet tall.\n\u00E2\u0080\u009D

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the Old Testment describes a sundial \u00E2\u0080\u0094 the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) \u00E2\u0080\u0094 which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the Old Testment describes a sundial - the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) - which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.

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Sundial in Islamic Caliphate

Since the Greek dials were nodus-based with straight hour-lines, they \nindicated unequal hours - also called temporary hours - that varied with\n the seasons, since every day was divided into twelve equal segments; \nthus, hours were shorter in winter and longer in summer.

The idea of \nusing hours of equal time length throughout the year was the innovation \nof Abu'l-Hasan Ibn-Al-Shatir in 1371, based on earlier developments in trigonometry by Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Harrani al-Battani (Albategni).

Ibn al-Shatir was aware that \"using a gnomon\n that is parallel to the Earth's axis will produce sundials whose hour \nlines indicate equal hours on any day of the year.\"

His sundial is the \noldest polar-axis sundial still in existence.

The concept later appeared\n in Western sundials from at least 1446.

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Human shadows

The length of a human shadow (or of any vertical object) can be used to measure the sun's elevation and, thence, the time.

The Venerable Bede gave a table for estimating the time from the length of one's shadow in\n feet, on the assumption that a monk's height is six times the length of\n his foot.

Such shadow lengths will vary with the geographical latitude and with the time of year.

For example, the shadow length at noon is short in summer months, and long in winter months.

\n

Chaucer evokes this method a few times in his Canterbury Tales, as in his Parson's Tale

\n\n\n\"It was four o'clock according to my guess,
Since eleven feet, a little more or less,
\nmy shadow at the time did fall,
\nConsidering that I myself am six feet tall.

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Sundials. Introduction

The Sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the sun.

In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style onto a surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day.

The style is the time-telling edge of the gnomon, often a thin rod or a sharp, straight edge.

As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow-edge aligns with different hour-lines.



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Sundials with fixed gnomon

The most commonly observed sundials are those in which the \nshadow-casting style is fixed in position and aligned with the Earth's \nrotational axis, being oriented with true North and South, and making an angle with the horizontal equal to the geographical latitude.

This axis is aligned with the celestial poles, which is closely, but not perfectly, aligned with the (present) pole star Polaris.

On any given day, the Sun appears to rotate uniformly about this axis, \nat about 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour, making a full circuit (360\u00C2\u00B0) in 24 hours.

A linear gnomon aligned with this axis will cast a sheet of shadow (a\n half-plane) that, falling opposite to the Sun, likewise rotates about \nthe celestial axis at 15\u00C2\u00B0 per hour.


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Movable-gnomon dials

In addition to the sundials have a gnomon that is designed to be moved \nover the course of the year. In other words, the position of the gnomon \nrelative to the center of the hour lines can vary.

The advantage of such\n dials is that the gnomon need not be aligned with the celestial poles \nand may even be perfectly vertical (the analemmatic dial).

A second \nadvantage is that such dials, when combined with a fixed-gnomon sundial,\n allow the user to determine true Norht\n with no other aid; the two sundials are correctly aligned if and only \nif the time on the two sundials agrees.

This is a useful property for \nportable sundials.

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the Old Testment describes a sundial - the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) - which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.

Ancient sundial from Marcianopolis\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContents

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Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the Old Testment describes a sundial - the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) - which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.


Ancient sundial from Marcianopolis\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContents

" . . "\u00C2\u00AB Click to add note \u00C2\u00BB" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:20:01"^^ . "

Ancient sundials

The earliest sundials known from archaeological record are the obelisks (3500 BC) and shadow clocks (1500 BC) from ancient Egyptian astronomy and Babylonian astronomy.

Presumably, humans were telling time from shadow-lengths at an even \nearlier date, but this is hard to verify.

In roughly 700 BC, the Old Testment describes a sundial - the \"dial of Ahaz\" mentioned in Isaiah 38:8 and II Kings 20:9 (possibly the earliest account of a sundial that is anywhere to be \nfound in history) - which was likely of Egyptian or Babylonian design.

\nSundials are believed to have existed in China since ancient times, but \nvery little is known of their history.

Ancient sundial from Marcianopolis\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContents

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Sundial in Ancient Rome

The Romans adopted the Greek sundials, so much so that Plautus\n complained in one of his plays about his day being \"chopped into \npieces\" by the ubiquitous sundials.

Writing in ca. 25 BC, the Roman \nauthor Vitruvius listed all the known types of dials in Book IX of his De Architectura, together with their Greek inventors.

All of these 13 names are believed to be nodus-type sundials, differing mainly in the surface that receives the shadow of the nodus.

The Romans built a very large sundial in 10 BC, the Solarium Augusti, which is a classic nodus-based obelisk casting a shadow on a planar pelekinon.

Rome, Solarium Augusti, ca. 10 BCE. Reconstruction by\n E. Buchner. On Augustus' birthday, the obelisk cast its shadow toward\n the Ara Pacis Augustae

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Sundials nowadays

Designers of the Taipai 101, the first record-setting skyscraper in the third millenium, brought the ancient tradition forward.
\n

\n

The tower, tallest in the world when it opened in taiwan\n in 2004, stands over half a kilometer in height.
\n

\n

The design of an \nadjoining park uses the tower as the style for a huge horizontal \nsundial.

Shadow of Taipei 101 tower in the late afternoon. The adjoining park acts as the face of a sundial.

\n

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Renaissance sundials

The onset of the Renaissance saw an explosion of new designs.

Italian astronomer Giovanni Padovani\n published a treatise on the sundial in 1570, in which he included \ninstructions for the manufacture and laying out of mural (vertical) and \nhorizontal sundials.

Giuseppe Biancani's Constructio instrumenti ad horologia solaria (ca. 1620) discusses how to make a perfect sundial, with accompanying illustrations.\n

The oldest sundial in England is incorporated into the Bewcastle Cross ca. 800 AD.

The dial is divided into four tides, covering the parts of \nthe working day in areas influenced by the Vikings, a maritime culture \nwhich noted the passage of time in the progression of the two high and \ntwo low tides each day.

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Renaissance sundials

Italian astronomer Giovanni Padovani\n published a treatise on the sundial in 1570, in which he included \ninstructions for the manufacture and laying out of mural (vertical) and \nhorizontal sundials.

Giuseppe Biancani's Constructio instrumenti ad horologia solaria (ca. 1620) discusses how to make a perfect sundial, with accompanying illustrations.\n

The oldest sundial in England is incorporated into the Bewcastle Cross ca. 800 AD.

The dial is divided into four tides, covering the parts of \nthe working day in areas influenced by the Vikings, a maritime culture \nwhich noted the passage of time in the progression of the two high and \ntwo low tides each day.

The four faces of the Bewcastle cross







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new slide

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Headings

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB" . . "\u00AB Click to add note \u00BB" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:20:01"^^ . "

Headings

You can use H5, H4 and H3 headings:

This is an H5 heading.

This is an H4 heading.

This is an H3 heading.


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new slide

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Text Formatting

You can use different formatting styles like Bold, Italic, etc. You can also change the font color. Colors are able to change your presentation remarkably!

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new slide

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Text Alignment

Align it to left:

Grozny era un ricordo sbiadito quando dall%u2019alto riconobbe gli occhi \nscaltri sottili di Bangkok. Soffice discesa, striature di metallo ai \nlati, cos%u2019altro aggiungere, alla Terra, oltre a questo puzzo \ncronachistico. 

center:

Si fa la guerra, si conclude la pace, non c%u2019\u00E8 ragione per\n questo freddo n\u00E9 per questo silenzio. C%u2019era una volta un%u2019arte decaduta \nche lasciava tracce di s\u00E9 negli occhi delle persone. Il mondo \u00E8 gi\u00E0 \nfilmato.

or right:

Il mondo \u00E8 sempre passato. Ricord\u00F2 una luce a Osaka oltre cui \nsi vedeva questa stessa morte bella uscire nera dai forni, mentre i \nvolti delle famiglie formavano una linea sottile fra l%u2019orizzonte e la \ncollina. Porte scorrevoli, la famiglia in cammino su un ponte lento vibrato da un vento silenzioso. Uno dopo l%u2019altro sfiorano l%u2019altezza, lo sguardo perso lontano. Alle spalle la ciminiera brucia di dolce morte.

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new slide

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Codes and Quotes

You can add codes or quotes to your slides:

<section class=\"slide\">\n  <h2>How to Make a Deck</h2>\n  <ol>\n    <li>\n      <h3>Write Slides</h3>\n      <p>Slide content is simple HTML.</p>\n    </li>\n    <li>\n      <h3>Choose Themes</h3>\n      <p>One for slide styles and one for deck transitions.</p>\n    </li>\n    %u2026\n  </ol>\n</section>


\n\t\t\t

Food is an important part of a balanced diet.

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new slide

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Lists

You can add ordered/unordered list to your slides:

  • \n\t\t\t\tdeck.goto: Adds a shortcut key to jump to any slide number. Hit g, type in the slide number, and hit enter.\n\t\t\t
    • This is indented!
      • More indented!
  • \n\t\t\t\tdeck.hash: Enables internal linking within slides, \ndeep linking to individual slides, and updates the address bar & a \npermalink anchor with each slide change.\n\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\tdeck.menu: Adds a menu view, letting you see all \nslides in a grid. Hit m to toggle to menu view, continue navigating your\n deck, and hit m to return to normal view. Touch devices can double-tap \nthe deck to switch between views.\n\t\t\t
  1. \n\t\t\t\tdeck.goto: Adds a shortcut key to jump to any slide number. Hit g, type in the slide number, and hit enter.\n\t\t\t
  2. \n\t\t\t\tdeck.hash: Enables internal linking within slides, \ndeep linking to individual slides, and updates the address bar & a \npermalink anchor with each slide change.\n\t\t\t
  3. \n\t\t\t\tdeck.menu: Adds a menu view, letting you see all \nslides in a grid. Hit m to toggle to menu view, continue navigating your\n deck, and hit m to return to normal view. Touch devices can double-tap \nthe deck to switch between views.\n\t\t\t
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new slide

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Images

You can add images to slides and move them to wherever you want!


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Images and Links

You can add images to slides and move them to wherever you want!


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Images and Links

You can add images to slides and move them to wherever you want!

You can also add links...

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Images and Links

You can add images to slides and move them to wherever you want!

You can also add links...

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new slide

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MathJax

You can add TeX statements to your slides to be rendered when playing slides:

\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]

\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]


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new slide

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Videos

You can add videos to your slides:


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new slide

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HTML

You can edit the html source code of your slides.

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Text Alignment

Align it to left:

Grozny era un ricordo sbiadito quando dall%u2019alto riconobbe gli occhi \nscaltri sottili di Bangkok. Soffice discesa, striature di metallo ai \nlati, cos%u2019altro aggiungere, alla Terra, oltre a questo puzzo \ncronachistico. 

center:

Grozny era un ricordo sbiadito quando dall%u2019alto riconobbe gli occhi \nscaltri sottili di Bangkok. Soffice discesa, striature di metallo ai \nlati, cos%u2019altro aggiungere, alla Terra, oltre a questo puzzo \ncronachistico.

or right:

Grozny era un ricordo sbiadito quando dall%u2019alto riconobbe gli occhi \nscaltri sottili di Bangkok. Soffice discesa, striature di metallo ai \nlati, cos%u2019altro aggiungere, alla Terra, oltre a questo puzzo \ncronachistico.

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Text Alignment

Align it to left:


Our knowledge can only be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite.

center:


Our knowledge can only be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite.

or right:


Our knowledge can only be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite.

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new slide

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What is Sass?

Sass makes CSS fun again. Sass is an extension of CSS3, adding nested rules, variables, mixins, selector inheritance, and more. It%u2019s translated to well-formatted, standard CSS using the command line tool or a web-framework plugin.

\n \n

Sass has two syntaxes. The new main syntax (as of Sass 3)\n is known as %u201CSCSS%u201D (for %u201CSassy CSS%u201D), and is a superset of CSS3%u2019s \nsyntax. This means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as \nwell. SCSS files use the extension .scss.

\n \n

The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just %u201CSass%u201D). Inspired by Haml%u2019s\n terseness, it%u2019s intended for people who prefer conciseness over \nsimilarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and semicolons, it uses the \nindentation of lines to specify blocks. Although no longer the primary \nsyntax, the indented syntax will continue to be supported. Files in the \nindented syntax use the extension .sass.

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new slide

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Variables

Use the same color all over the place?\n Need to do some math with height and width and text size?\n Sass supports variables as well as basic math operations\n and many useful functions. 

$blue: #3bbfce;\n$margin: 16px;\n\n.content-navigation {\n  border-color: $blue;\n  color:\n    darken($blue, 9%);\n}\n\n.border {\n  padding: $margin / 2;\n  margin: $margin / 2;\n  border-color: $blue;\n}
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new slide

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Nesting

Sass avoids repetition by nesting selectors within one another.\n The same thing works with properties. 

table.hl {\n  margin: 2em 0;\n  td.ln {\n    text-align: right;\n  }\n}\n\nli {\n  font: {\n    family: serif;\n    weight: bold;\n    size: 1.2em;\n  }\n}
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new slide

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Mixins

Even more useful than variables,\n mixins allow you to re-use whole chunks of CSS,\n properties or selectors.\n You can even give them arguments.

@mixin table-base {\n  th {\n    text-align: center;\n    font-weight: bold;\n  }\n  td, th {padding: 2px}\n}\n\n@mixin left($dist) {\n  float: left;\n  margin-left: $dist;\n}\n\n#data {\n  @include left(10px);\n  @include table-base;\n}
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new slide

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Selector Inheritance

Sass can tell one selector to inherit all the styles of another\n without duplicating the CSS properties. 

.error {\n  border: 1px #f00;\n  background: #fdd;\n}\n.error.intrusion {\n  font-size: 1.3em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.badError {\n  @extend .error;\n  border-width: 3px;\n}
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new slide

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More?

Please refer to

 http://sass-lang.com/docs/yardoc/file.SASS_REFERENCE.html

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What is Sass?

Sass makes CSS fun again. Sass is an extension of CSS3, adding nested rules, variables, mixins, selector inheritance, and more. It%u2019s translated to well-formatted, standard CSS using the command line tool or a web-framework plugin.

\n \n

Sass has two syntaxes. The new main syntax (as of Sass 3)\n is known as %u201CSCSS%u201D (for %u201CSassy CSS%u201D), and is a superset of CSS3%u2019s \nsyntax. This means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as \nwell. SCSS files use the extension .scss.

\n \n

The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just %u201CSass%u201D). Inspired by Haml%u2019s\n terseness, it%u2019s intended for people who prefer conciseness over \nsimilarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and semicolons, it uses the \nindentation of lines to specify blocks. Although no longer the primary \nsyntax, the indented syntax will continue to be supported. Files in the \nindented syntax use the extension .sass.

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-02-09T16:32:56"^^ . "

What is Sass?

Sass makes CSS fun again. Sass is an extension of CSS3, adding nested rules, variables, mixins, selector inheritance, and more. It's translated to well-formatted, standard CSS using the command line tool or a web-framework plugin.

\n \n

Sass has two syntaxes. The new main syntax (as of Sass 3)\n is known as \"SCSS\" (for \"Sassy CSS\"), and is a superset of CSS3%u2019s \nsyntax. This means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as \nwell. SCSS files use the extension .scss.

\n \n

The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just \"Sass\"). Inspired by Haml%u2019s\n terseness, it%u2019s intended for people who prefer conciseness over \nsimilarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and semicolons, it uses the \nindentation of lines to specify blocks. Although no longer the primary \nsyntax, the indented syntax will continue to be supported. Files in the \nindented syntax use the extension .sass.

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:20:01"^^ . "

What is Sass?

Sass makes CSS fun again. Sass is an extension of CSS3, adding nested rules, variables, mixins, selector inheritance, and more. It's translated to well-formatted, standard CSS using the command line tool or a web-framework plugin.

\n \n

Sass has two syntaxes. The new main syntax (as of Sass 3)\n is known as \"SCSS\" (for \"Sassy CSS\"), and is a superset of CSS3%u2019s \nsyntax. This means that every valid CSS3 stylesheet is valid SCSS as \nwell. SCSS files use the extension .scss.

\n \n

The second, older syntax is known as the indented syntax (or just \"Sass\"). Inspired by Haml's\n terseness, it's intended for people who prefer conciseness over \nsimilarity to CSS. Instead of brackets and semicolons, it uses the \nindentation of lines to specify blocks. Although no longer the primary \nsyntax, the indented syntax will continue to be supported. Files in the \nindented syntax use the extension .sass.

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new slide

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new slide

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new slide

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new slide

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new slide

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Types of reviews

  • Narrative reviews:

    • Summaries of research that lack explicit descriptions of systematic methods

  • Systematic reviews:

    • Use explicit and rigorous methods to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize relevant studies

  • Meta-analysis: quantitative review using statistical analyses

  • Meta-ethnography: systematic review of qualitative data

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Advantages of Systematic Reviews

  • You don\u0092t have to be an \u0093expert\u0094 to do one!

  • More objective, less prone to bias and error

  • Literature search is comprehensive, exhaustive and repeatable

  • Clear description of the methods used

  • Explicit criteria for choosing studies

  • Includes assessment and discussion of quality of primary studies

  • Readers can replicate or verify the review

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Steps Overview

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1. Formulate your research question


  • Example

  • What are the existing approaches for user-friendly semantic content authoring?

    • How to classify the existing approaches for semantic content authoring?

    • What type of user interfaces are used by each approach?

    • What are the features supported by the proposed user interfaces?

    • What type of users are targeted in each approach?

    • How is the user interface evaluated?

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2. Establish a pilot


  • As an starting point:

    • Do some pilot searches

    • Get some relevant studies from an expert in the field

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3. Choose appropriate search keywords

  • Based on pilot studies

  • Trial and Error

    • Not too broad (\u0091scope creep\u0092)

    • Not too narrow (\u0091empty net\u0092)

    • Think of all possibly synonyms

  • Example

  • 1 AND 2 AND 3

  1. \"semantic\" OR \"linked data\" OR \"web of data\" OR \"data web\"

  2. \"content\" OR \"web page\" OR \"document\"

  3. \"authoring\" OR \"annotating\" OR \"annotation\" OR \"annotate\" OR \"enrich\" OR \"edit\"

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4. Conduct the search and collect studies

  • Get list of relevant data sources

    • Commonly used data sources:

      • ACM Digital Library

      • IEEE Xplore Digital Library

      • ScienceDirect

      • SpringerLink

      • \tISI Web of Sciences

  • Adapt your query to each data source API

  • Download citations

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5. Select relevant studies

  • Define your inclusion and exclusion criteria

  • Example

    • Include

      • A study that focuses on semantic content authoring.

      • A study that either proposes a user interface or a set of user interface features for the purpose of semantic content authoring.

    • Exclude

      • A study that does not focus on semantic content authoring but only mentions it for the purpose of data integration.

      • A study that does not propose any user interface (or user interface feature) for semantic content authoring but only a method, approach or algorithm for semantic annotation.

      • A study that is not about Web-based content authoring (e.g. It is about semantic authoring in word processors like Latex).

      • A study that is only about the ontology authoring or ontology annotation (e.g. by using the natural language).

      • A study that does not discuss textual Web content authoring but image, audio or video annotation.

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:30:01"^^ . "

5. Select relevant studies (con.)

  • Apply your criteria on title, abstract and full-text of studies

  • Result : List of primary Studies

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:30:01"^^ . "

6. Analyze primary studies

  • Quantitative Data Analysis Methods

  • Qualitative Data Analysis Methods

      • Coding

        • \"filling in\": adding codes, reconstructing a coherent scheme as new insights emerge and new ways of looking at the data emerge.

        • \"extension\": returning to materials coded earlier and interrogating them in a new way, with a new theme, construct, or relationship.

        • \"bridging\": seeing new or previously not understood relationships within units of a given category (that relationship within itself have a name, and it may call for a new configuration of the categories).

        • \"surfacing\": identifying new categories.

  • Analysis Software

    • Commercial

      • Atlas.ti

      • QSR NVIVO

    • Free

      • Weft QDA (http://www.pressure.to/qda/)

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:30:01"^^ . "

6. Analyze primary studies (con.)

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:30:01"^^ . "

7. Report on the results

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:30:01"^^ . "

Steps Overview

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new slide

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

  • Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • Stefan K\u00FChne

  • Universit\u00E4t Leipzig, FMI IFI BIS, kuehne@informatik.uni-leipzig.de

  • VL 01 \u0096 Grundlagen

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

  • Lernziel

  • Begriffe im Umfeld betrieblicher Informationssysteme

  • 2

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Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • 3

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  • Elektronische


    Datenverarbeitung

  • Informations- und Kommunikations-technik

  • Daten vs. Information

  • ?

  • 4

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  • Daten

  • Information

  • Daten vs. Information

  • ?

  • 5

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  • Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 6

  • 1850

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • \u0085

  • 1850 DWZ

  • Zeichen, Signale

  • Daten

  • Information

  • Syntax

  • Kontext

  • Zeichenvorrat

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

  • Begriffstetraeder

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 7

  • Begriff, Information, Wissen

  • Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung

  • Gegenstand

  • Wort, Bild

  • Abstractum

  • Concretum

  • Extension

  • Intension

  • [Quelle:

  • Ortner 1983]

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:10:01"^^ . "

  • Sichtweisen auf Information

  • Information

  • Kommunikations-
    theorie

  • Semiotik

  • Betriebswirtschaft

  • \u0085

  • 8

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  • Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik

  • 9

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  • Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • Produktionsfaktoren [Gutenberg 1979]

    • Elementarfaktoren:
      objektbezogene Arbeitsleistung, Betriebsmittel und Werkstoffe

    • Dispositive Faktoren:
      Betriebs- und Gesch\u00E4ftsleitung, Organisation und Planung

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr produktions- und kostentheoretischen \u00DCberlegungen

  • 10

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" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

  • Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

  • Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus

    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)

  • Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • 11

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  • Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

  • Vervielf\u00E4ltigungs-kosten

  • Grenzkosten

  • Wertverlust bei Gebrauch

  • Besitz

  • Teilbarkeit

  • Schutz

  • Logistik

  • Marktwert

  • \u0085

  • 12

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

  • Information

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

  • Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 13

  • [Quelle: Krcmar, 2009]

  • Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

  • Information

  • Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

  • Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

  • Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

  • Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

  • Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

  • Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

  • Individueller Besitz

  • Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

  • Wertverlust durch Teilung,
    begrenzte Teilbarkeit

  • Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung,
    fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

  • Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

  • Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

  • Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

  • Logistik einfach

  • Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

  • Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

  • Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

  • Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

  • Verwandte Konzepte

  • Informationsversorgung

    • Informationsbedarf

    • Informationsangebot

  • Informationsmanagement

    • Informationsasymmetrien

    • Informationsfluss

    • Datenqualit\u00E4tsmanagement

    • Dokumentenmanagement

    • Wissensmanagement

  • 14

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  • Informationsbedarf

  • Entscheidungsprozesse

  • Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)

    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung

      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf

      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf

  • Informations-bedarf

  • Bedarfs-analyse

  • Bewertung

  • Problem-definition

  • Erhebung

  • Nutzung

  • 15

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  • Informationsangebot

  • Bestimmt wie gut Informationsbedarf f\u00FCr eine Entscheidung abgedeckt werden kann

  • Definiert durch Menge an verf\u00FCgbaren unternehmensinternen und
    -externen Informationen

    • Breite und Tiefe der Informationsbasis

    • Strukturierung, Filterung, Integration

  • Organisations\u00FCbergreifende Integration erfordert

    • Standardisierte Begriffe

    • Kompatible Schnittstellen

    • Individuelle Verarbeitungsleistungen

  • 16

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Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • Kurze Einf\u00FChrung Systemtheorie

  • 17

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  • Intension und Entwicklungen der Systemtheorie

  • Interdisziplin\u00E4res Erkenntnismodell

  • Grundlage: Allgemeine Systemtheorie von Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1950)

    • Statt isolierte Betrachtung von Einzelph\u00E4nomenen

    • Beschreibung von Ph\u00E4nomenen in ihrer Vernetzung

    • Universalit\u00E4tsanspruch

  • Verwandte Gebiete

    • Informationstheorie, Kybernetik, Katastrophentheorie, Chaostheorie, Komplexe adaptive Systeme

  • Anwendung in

    • Biologie, Chemie, Informatik, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, \u0085

  • Interdisziplinarit\u00E4t behindert einheitliche Systemtheorie

  • 18

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  • System

  • Von s\u00FDstema, \u0084das Gebilde, Zusammengestellte, Verbunden\u0093

    • \u0084Gesamtheit von Elementen, die so aufeinander bezogen sind und in einer Weise wechselwirken, dass sie als eine aufgaben-, sinn- oder zweckgebundene Einheit angesehen werden k\u00F6nnen und sich in dieser Hinsicht gegen\u00FCber der sie umgebenden Umwelt abgrenzen.\u0093 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/System

  • [Quelle: Thr\u00E4nert 2007]

  • 19

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  • Systeme

  • Mikroebene vs. Makroebene

  • Emergenz: \u0084Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile!\u0093 Aristoteles

  • Systeme bilden Teile von \u00FCbergeordneten Systemen

  • Modellcharakter

    • Isolierte Betrachtung

    • Systemgrenzen zweckm\u00E4\u00DFig

    • Aufbau und Funktionsweise eines Systems h\u00E4ngen von dem Standpunkt des Betrachters ab; subjektives Herausgreifen/Weglassen bestimmter Elemente/Beziehungen

  • 20

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  • Eigenschaften von Systemen

  • Komplexit\u00E4t/Kompliziertheit

    • Bestimmt durch Art/Zahl/St\u00E4rke/Dichte der Elemente/Beziehungen

    • Strukturelle Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl Beziehungen/Anzahl Elemente

    • Zeitliche Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl m\u00F6glicher Zust\u00E4nde

  • Dynamik

    • Betrifft zeitliches Verhalten, abh\u00E4ngig vom Beobachtungszeitraum und Beobachtungsintervall

    • Statische Systeme

    • Dynamische Systeme

  • 21

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  • Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

  • Wechselwirkungen:\tStoffaustausch\tEnergieaustausch

    • Isolierte Systeme\to\to

    • Geschlossene Systeme\to\tx

    • Offene Systeme\tx\tx

  • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

    • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

  • Kopplung

    • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

  • Kontinuit\u00E4t

    • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

  • 22

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Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • 23

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  • Informationssystem

  • Ein Informationssystem dient

    • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten

      • Erfassung

      • Speicherung

      • Verarbeitung

      • Pflege

      • \u00DCbertragung

      • Anzeige

      • \u0085

    • von Informationen und Daten

  • 24

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Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • 25

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  • Betrieb

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 26

  • Wirtschafts-einheit

  • \u00D6ffentliche Haushalte

  • Private Haushalte

  • Betriebe

  • Markt,
    Wirtschaft

  • Fremdbedarfsdeckende Wirtschaftseinheit

  • Konsum, Produktion f\u00FCr Eigenbedarf

  • Bund, L\u00E4nder, Kommunen

  • Betrieb einer Infrastruktur, z.B. Bildungswesen, Rechtswesen

  • Unternehmen

  • \u00D6ffentliche Betriebe und Verwaltungen

  • Gewinnmaximierung, Privateigentum, Autonomieprinzip

  • Gemeinn\u00FCtzigkeit, Gemeineigentum, Organprinzip

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme

  • 27

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  • Betriebliches Informationssystem

  • Mensch-Aufgabe-Technik- (MAT)-Systeme

    • Soziotechnisches System (Mensch, Maschine)

    • Erzeugung und Benutzung von Informationen durch softwaretechnische Hilfsmittel

    • Verbunden \u00FCber Kommunikationssysteme

    • Zweckbestimmung (Aufgabe)

  • Leistungssystem

    • Informationsverarbeitende Teile der betrieblichen Leistungserstellung

  • Lenkungssystem

    • Planung, Steuerung, Kontrolle betrieblicher Aktivit\u00E4ten

  • 28

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  • Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme

  • Informationssystem

  • Organisation

  • Management

  • Anwendungssystem (Technik)

  • Betriebliche Aufgaben Prozesse

  • Daten

  • Anwen-dungen

  • Infrastruktur

  • 29

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

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  • Anwendungssystem

  • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie

    • Beschaffung

    • Produktion

    • Vertrieb

    • \u0085

  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

  • 30

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  • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der operativen Ebene

  • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

    • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

    • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

  • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

    • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

    • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

  • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

  • 31

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  • Ziele betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

  • Restrukturierung und Rationalisierung von Abl\u00E4ufen/Prozessen

    • Wettbewerbsf\u00E4higkeit

    • Marktchancen

  • (Bestm\u00F6gliche) Information betrieblicher Entscheidungstr\u00E4ger auf allen Managementebenen

  • Beitrag zu (bestm\u00F6glichen) Unternehmungsentscheidungen und Controlling der Erwartungen/Auswirkungen

  • Prognose/Simulation von Entscheidungskonsequenzen

  • 32

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  • Klassisch

    • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

    • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

    • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

  • Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

  • Zuk\u00FCnftig

    • Seltener dedizierte
      IT-Abteilungen,
      mehr Fachabteilungen

    • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

    • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten

  • 33

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  • Funktionen eines Anwendungssystems

  • Umwelt

  • Lieferant

  • Kunde

  • Anwendungssystem

  • Unternehmen

  • Beh\u00F6rden

  • Eigent\u00FCmer

  • Wettbewerber

  • Eingabe

  • Verarbeitung

  • Klassifizierung

  • Strukturierung

  • Berechnung

  • Ausgabe

  • 34

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Management und Organisation

  • 35

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  • Management

  • Aufgabe

    • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

    • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

    • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

  • Ebenen, z. B.

    • Oberes Management

    • Mittleres Management

    • Operatives Management

  • Vertrieb
    Marketing

  • Fertigung
    Produktion

  • Finanz- und

  • Rechnungs-
    wesen

  • Personal-

  • wesen

  • Operative
    Ebene

  • Management-
    Ebene

  • Strategische

  • Ebene

  • 36

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  • zielgerichtete Integration/Koordination von Ressourcen

  • Unternehmerische Funktion zur Aktion und Reaktion in einem sich \u00E4ndernden Umfeld

  • Koordination

    • bewusste Abstimmung einer arbeitsteiligen Organisation auf Unternehmensziele

  • Integration

    • Herstellung einer Einheit im Sinne eines
      lebensf\u00E4higen, produktiven Systems

  • Organisation (in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre)

  • 37

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  • Perspektiven

  • Instrumental

    • Das Unternehmen hat eine Organisation.

    • Organisation als Instrument (Regeln, Hierarchien)

  • Institutional

    • Das Unternehmen ist eine Organisation.

    • Organisation als zielgerichtetes soziales System

  • Funktional

    • Das Unternehmen wird organisiert.

    • Organisation/Organisieren als T\u00E4tigkeit

  • 38

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  • Grad der Arbeitsteilung (Spezialisierung)

  • Konfiguration (Aufbauorganisation)

  • Koordination (Ablauforganisation)

  • Delegation/Entscheidungsbefugnisse

  • Formalisierung

  • Organisation \u0096 Strukturdimensionen [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

  • Organisations-ebenen

  • Gesch\u00E4fts-funktionen

  • Verfahrens-richtlinien

  • Werte

  • Normen

  • Gesch\u00E4fts-prozesse

  • 39

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Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen

  • 40

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

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  • Informationssysteme beeinflussen Unternehmen und umgekehrt

  • Unternehmen

  • Informationssystem

  • Unternehmensziele

  • Unternehmensumwelt

  • Unternehmenskultur

  • Organisationsstruktur

  • Verfahrensrichtlinien

  • Gesch\u00E4ftsprozesse

  • Politik

  • Management

  • Zuf\u00E4lle

  • 41

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  • Schlussfolgerungen

  • Informationssysteme m\u00FCssen an Bed\u00FCrfnissen des Unternehmens angepasst sein.

  • Informationssysteme sind individuell.

  • Unternehmen muss gegen\u00FCber Einfl\u00FCssen offen sein, um von neuen Techniken zu profitieren (Anpassbarkeit).

  • Management entscheidet \u00FCber die Einf\u00FChrung bzw. Implementierung von Informationssystemen.

  • Entscheidung bzgl. Zeit- oder Ressourcenrestriktionen

  • 42

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  • Anforderungen an Informationssysteme

  • Rendite

  • Effektive Nutzung

  • Anpassung an Umweltanforderungen

  • Flexibilit\u00E4t

  • Kompatibilit\u00E4t

  • Verantwortlicher Einsatz

  • 43

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Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

  • von Anwendungssystemen

  • 44

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  • Anwendungsbereich

  • zugrunde liegende Hardwarearchitektur

    • Arbeitsplatzrechner

    • Gro\u00DFrechner

  • zugrunde liegende Softwarearchitektur

    • Desktopsysteme

    • Client/Server-Systeme

    • Verteilte Systeme

  • Art der einsetzenden Organisation

    • branchenneutrale Systeme

    • branchenspezifische Systeme

  • Klassifikationskriterien

  • 45

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  • Dispositions-systeme

  • Grad der Entscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 46

  • Betriebliche

  • Anwendungssysteme

  • Operative
    Systeme

  • Analyse-
    systeme

  • Administrations-systeme

    • Administrationssysteme zielen auf die Rationalisierung der Massendatenverarbeitung und damit auf Rationalisierungsnutzen, aber auch auf die Beschleunigung von Prozessen bzw. auf Durchlaufzeitverk\u00FCrzung.

    • \u00DCber die reine Administration hinaus haben Dispositionssysteme die Aufgabe, entweder menschliche Entscheidungen vorzubereiten oder sie zu er\u00FCbrigen, indem die Rechenanlage die Entscheidungen selbst trifft.

  • Planungs-systeme

  • Kontroll-systeme

    • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten

    • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen

    • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t

    • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management

    • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

  • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen

  • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin

  • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:00:02"^^ . "

  • Administrationssysteme

    • Administrationssysteme zielen auf die Rationalisierung der Massendatenverarbeitung und damit auf Rationalisierungsnutzen, aber auch auf die Beschleunigung von Prozessen bzw. auf Durchlaufzeitverk\u00FCrzung.

  • Dispositionssysteme

    • \u00DCber die reine Administration hinaus haben Dispositionssysteme die Aufgabe, entweder menschliche Entscheidungen vorzubereiten oder sie zu er\u00FCbrigen, indem die Rechenanlage die Entscheidungen selbst trifft.

  • Administrations- und Dispositionssysteme

  • 47

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  • Planungssysteme

    • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten

    • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen

    • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t

    • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management

    • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

  • Kontrollsysteme

    • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen

    • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin

    • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose

  • Planungs- und Kontrollsysteme

  • 48

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  • funktional/operativ

    • Beschaffung

    • Logistik

    • etc.

  • integriert

    • innerhalb von Organisationen

    • zwischen Organisationen

  • sonstiges

    • Kommunikation

    • Verwaltung

  • Grad der Integration

  • 49

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  • Funktionale Einordnung/organisatorische Ebene

  • Vertrieb
    Marketing

  • Fertigung
    Produktion

  • Finanz- und

  • Rechnungs-
    wesen

  • Personal-

  • wesen

  • Operative
    Ebene

  • Management-
    Ebene

  • Strategische

  • Ebene

  • 50

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  • Operative


    Ebene

  • Personal-

  • wesen

  • Finanz- und

  • Rechnungs-
    wesen

  • Fertigung
    Produktion

  • Vertrieb
    Marketing

  • Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 51

  • Management-

  • Ebene

  • Strategische

  • Ebene

  • Material-
    wirtschaft

  • Auftrags-
    bearbeitung

  • Lohnbuch-
    haltung

  • Kreditoren-

  • buchhaltung

  • Personal-

  • verwaltung

  • Vertriebs-
    leitung

  • Lagerbestands-
    kontrolle

  • Budget-

  • planung

  • Arbeits-
    kostenanalyse

  • Umsatz-
    trendvorhersage

  • 5-Jahres-

  • Gesch\u00E4ftsplan

  • Gewinn-

  • planung

  • Personal-
    planung

  • Operative
    Systeme

  • Management-

  • informations-
    systeme (MIS),

  • Entscheidungs-

  • unterst\u00FCtzungs-

  • systeme (EUS)

  • Unterst\u00FCtzungs-

  • systeme f\u00FCr

  • F\u00FChrungsebene

  • (FUS)

  • Anwendungssysteme, die die t\u00E4glichen, f\u00FCr den Gesch\u00E4ftsbetrieb notwendigen Routinetransaktionen ausf\u00FChren und aufzeichnen

    • Systeme auf der mittleren Managementebenen von Unternehmen, die Daten mit ausgekl\u00FCgelten analytischen Modellen oder Datenanalysewerkzeugen kombinieren, um schwach strukturierte oder unstrukturierte Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse zu unterst\u00FCtzen.

  • Systeme auf der Managementebene eines Unternehmens, die durch die Bereitstellung von Standard\u00FCbersichtsberichten sowie Berichten \u00FCber Abweichungen der Planung, Kontrolle und Entscheidungsfindung dienen.

  • Systeme auf der strategischen Ebene des Unternehmens, die die unstrukturierte Entscheidungsfindung insbesondere durch erweiterte Grafik- und Kommunikationsfunktionen unterst\u00FCtzen sollen.

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  • Beziehungen zwischen Anwendungssystemen

  • MIS

  • EUS

  • FUS

  • Operative
    Systeme

  • 52

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  • Zusammenfassung

  • Information

  • System

  • Informationssystem

  • Betriebliches Informationssystem

  • Anwendungssystem

  • Anwendungssystemklassen

  • 53

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

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  • [Ortner 1983] Ortner, E.: Aspekte einer Konstruktionssprache f\u00FCr den Datenbankentwurf. S. Toeche-Mittler Verlag: Darmstadt, 1983

  • [Gutenberg 1979] Gutenberg, Erich: Grundlagen der Betriebswirtschaftlehre. Band\u00A01, Springer, Berlin u.\u00A0a., 1979.

  • [Krcmar, 2009]

  • [Thr\u00E4nert 2007]

  • [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

  • Quellen

  • 54

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

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" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:40:01"^^ . "

Operative

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T20:10:41"^^ . "

Introduction

SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

\n\t\t\t

SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way. In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

\n\t\t\t

SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig. To get more information on how to employ the different features of SlideWiki, please read the documentation\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T14:12:44"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme


VL 01 \u0096 Grundlagen


S\u00F6ren Auer, Stefan K\u00FChne

Universit\u00E4t Leipzig, FMI IFI BIS


auer@informatik.uni-leipzig.de, kuehne@informatik.uni-leipzig.de


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Daten vs Information

\n \n \n \n \n Daten\n Information\n ?\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T17:09:05"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide.

Using these features you can add code, quotes, shapes and etc. to your slides. Some examples follow:

<div> Hello World! </div>

Food is an important part of a balanced diet! 

\n \n Layer 1\n \n Use\n \n

*Note: It is recommended to edit the slides in fullscreen mode.

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T12:56:47"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme


VL 01 \u0096 Grundlagen


S\u00F6ren Auer, Stefan K\u00FChne

Universit\u00E4t Leipzig, FMI IFI BIS, kuehne@informatik.uni-leipzig.de


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Betriebliche Informationssysteme

Kurze Einf\u00FChrung Systemtheorie

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Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme

\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n \n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastruktur\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n



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Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

  
 

 

  • Klassish

    • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

    • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

    • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

 

  • Zuk\u00FCnftig

    • Seltener dedizierte
      IT-Abteilungen,
      mehr Fachabteilungen

    • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

    • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten


 
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Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

  • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der operativen Ebene

  • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

    • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

    • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

  • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

    • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

    • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

  • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:00:02"^^ . "

Management und Organisation

\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n \n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastruktur\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n



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Informationssysteme beeinflussen Unternehmen und umgekehrt

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n Unternehmen\n Informationssystem\n \n Unternehmensziele\n Unternehmensumwelt\n Unternehmenskultur\n Organisationsstruktur\n Verfahrensrichtlinien\n Gesch\u00E4ftsprozesse\n Politik\n Management\n Zuf\u00E4lle\n \n


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Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation

\n \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Personal-\n wesen\n \n \n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n \n \n Fertigung\n Produktion\n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Management\n informations-\n systeme (MIS),\n Entscheidungs\n unterst\u00FCtzungs-\n systeme (EUS)\n \n \n Ebene\n Strategische\n \n \n Management-\n Ebene\n \n \n Operative\n Ebene\n \n \n Operative\n Systeme\n \n \n Unterst\u00FCtzungs-\n systeme f\u00FCr\n F\u00FChrungsebene\n (FUS)\n \n \n \n Umsatz-\n trendvorhersage\n \n \n \n Personal-\n planung\n \n \n \n 5-Jahres-\n Gesch\u00E4ftsplan\n \n \n \n Gewinn-\n planung\n \n \n \n Arbeits-\n kostenanalyse\n \n \n \n Budget-\n planung\n \n \n \n Lagerbestands-\n kontrolle\n \n \n \n Vertriebs-\n leitung\n \n \n \n Auftrags-\n bearbeitung\n \n \n \n Material-\n wirtschaft\n \n \n \n Lohnbuch-\n haltung\n \n \n \n Kreditoren-\n buchhaltung\n \n \n \n Personal-\n verwaltung\n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T13:00:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme


VL 01 \u0096 Grundlagen


Stefan K\u00FChne,

Universit\u00E4t Leipzig, FMI IFI BIS, kuehne@informatik.uni-leipzig.de


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Lernziel

Begriffe im Umfeld betrieblicher Informationssysteme


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Introduction

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T10:40:01"^^ . "

Structuring a presentation

To structure you presentation you can use the context menu which is shown by right clicking on your deck.

You can use drag and drop in order to change the positions of slides within a deck." . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T10:50:01"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide." . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:34:48"^^ . "

LaTeX integration

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:34:54"^^ . "

new slide

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:34:56"^^ . "

new slide

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Revisioning

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

Import

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

Export

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:35:40"^^ . "

new slide

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

Questionnaires

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:36:00"^^ . "

new slide

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

Styling

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new slide

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:40:01"^^ . "

Transitions

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Betriebliche Informationssysteme




Betriebliche Informationssysteme\n

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T09:30:01"^^ . "

LaTeX integration

\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
[left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k right)^2 leq left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 right) left( sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 right)]\n
\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
[left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k right)^2 leq left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 right) left( sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 right)]
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-06T11:36:39"^^ . "

new slide

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T10:30:47"^^ . "

Structuring a presentation

To structure you presentation you can use the context menu which is shown by right clicking on your deck.


You can use drag and drop in order to change the positions of slides within a deck." . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:50:50"^^ . "

Daten vs Information

Layer 1\n \n \n \n Elektronische\n Datenverarbeitung\n Informations- und\n Kommunikations-\n technik\n ?\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Daten vs Information


Layer 1\n \n \n \n Elektronische\n Datenverarbeitung\n Informations- und\n Kommunikations-\n technik\n ?\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T17:53:21"^^ . "

Daten vs.\nInformation

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T18:10:01"^^ . "

Daten vs.\nInformation

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T18:20:01"^^ . "

Daten vs Information

\n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n Daten\n Information\n ?

\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-27T18:13:11"^^ . "

Daten vs Information

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n Daten\n Information\n ?\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Daten vs Information


\n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n Daten\n Information\n ?\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T09:40:01"^^ . "

LaTeX integration

\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
\\[left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k right)^2 leq left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 right) left( sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 right)\\]\n
\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
\\[left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k right)^2 leq left( sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 right) left( sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 right)\\]
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T09:30:06"^^ . "

LaTeX integration


\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]\n
\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]


For more TeX samples click here.
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T10:00:01"^^ . "

LaTeX integration


\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
(?k=1nakbk)2?(?k=1na3k)(?k=1nb2k)


For more TeX samples click here.
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:20:01"^^ . "

LaTeX integration



\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]


For more TeX samples click here.
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:50:01"^^ . "

Structuring a presentation

To structure you presentation you can use the context menu which is shown by right clicking on your deck.

You can use drag and drop in order to change the positions of slides within a deck." . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:00:01"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide.


" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:10:01"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide.

Using these features you can add code, quotes, shapes and etc. to your slides. Some examples follow:

<div> Hello World! </div>

Food is an important part of a balanced diet! 

\n \n

\n Layer 1\n \n Use

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:00:37"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide.

Using these features you can add code, quotes, shapes and etc. to your slides. Some examples follow:

<div> Hello World! </div>

Food is an important part of a balanced diet! 

\n \n

\n Layer 1\n \n Use

" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:10:01"^^ . "

Editing Slides

SlideWiki employs Aloha-Editor for editing slide content.It also uses SVG-edit for drawing shapes within an slide.

Using these features you can add code, quotes, shapes and etc. to your slides. Some examples follow:

<div> Hello World! </div>

Food is an important part of a balanced diet! 

\n \n Layer 1\n \n Use\n \n


" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-28T11:20:01"^^ . "

LaTeX integration

\nSlideWiki uses\nMathJax \nto display mathemics content.\n
\n
You can use LaTeX  expressions within your slides. For example:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]\n
\n
which will result in:
\n
\\[\\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \\right)^2 \\leq \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \\right) \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \\right)\\]


For more TeX samples click here.
" . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:40:01"^^ . "

Sichtweisen auf Information

  • Information

  • Kommunikations-
    theorie

  • Semiotik

  • Betriebswirtschaft

  • \u0085

  • 8

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:29:11"^^ . "

Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

  • 6

  • 1850

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • \u0085

  • 1850 DWZ

  • Zeichen, Signale

  • Daten

  • Information

  • Syntax

  • Kontext

  • Zeichenvorrat

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Information\n Daten\n Zeichen, Signale\n 1850 DWZ\n 1850\n 1\n 2\n 3\n ...\n Kontext\n Syntax\n Zeichenvorrat\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Begriffstetraeder

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n Begriff, Information, Wissen\n Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung\n Gegenstand\n Wort, Bild\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abstractum\n Intension\n Concretum\n Extension\n [Quelle: Ortner 1983]\n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "

Sichtweisen auf Information

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n Information\n Kommunikations-\n theorie\n Betriebswirtschaft\n Semiotik\n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:50:01"^^ . "

Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:01"^^ . "

Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

Produktionsfaktoren [Gutenberg 1979]

    • Elementarfaktoren:
      objektbezogene Arbeitsleistung, Betriebsmittel und Werkstoffe

    • Dispositive Faktoren:
      Betriebs- und Gesch\u00E4ftsleitung, Organisation und Planung

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr produktions- und kostentheoretischen \u00DCberlegungen

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:31:53"^^ . "

  • Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

  • Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus
    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen
    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:01"^^ . "

Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

  • Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

  • Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus
    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen
    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:30:01"^^ . "

Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grenzkosten\n \n \n \n Logistik\n \n \n \n Besitz\n \n \n \n Schutz\n \n \n \n Teilbarkeit\n \n \n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n Vervielf\u00E4ltigungs-\n kosten\n \n \n \n \n \n Wertverlust bei\n Gebrauch\n \n \n \n \n Marktwert\n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  
 
\n
\n

Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

\n
\n
\n
\n

Information

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

\n
\n
\n
\n

Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

\n
\n
\n
\n

Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

\n
\n
\n
\n

Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Individueller Besitz

\n
\n
\n
\n

Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

\n
\n
\n
\n

Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

\n
\n
\n
\n

Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

\n
\n
\n
\n

Logistik einfach

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

\n
\n
\n
\n

Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

\n
\n
 
\n
\n

Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

\n
\n
\n
\n

Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

\n
\n
\n
\n
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

Verwandte Konzepte

  • Informationsversorgung
    • Informationsbedarf
    • Informationsangebot
  • Informationsmanagement
    • Informationsasymmetrien
    • Informationsfluss
    • Datenqualit\u00E4tsmanagement
    • Dokumentenmanagement
    • Wissensmanagement
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:30:01"^^ . "

Informationsbedarf

  • Entscheidungsprozesse\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • Informationsbedarf
    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)
    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung
      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf
      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf
\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n




" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

Informationsangebot

  • Bestimmt wie gut Informationsbedarf f\u00FCr eine Entscheidung abgedeckt werden kann
  • Definiert durch Menge an verf\u00FCgbaren unternehmensinternen und -externen Informationen
    • Breite und Tiefe der Informationsbasis
    • Strukturierung, Filterung, Integration
  • Organisations\u00FCbergreifende Integration erfordert
    • Standardisierte Begriffe
    • Kompatible Schnittstellen
    • Individuelle Verarbeitungsleistungen
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:30:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme




Betriebliche Informationssysteme

Kurze Einf\u00FChrung Systemtheorie

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

Intension und Entwicklungen der Systemtheorie

  • Interdisziplin\u00E4res Erkenntnismodell
  • Grundlage: Allgemeine Systemtheorie von Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1950)
    • Statt isolierte Betrachtung von Einzelph\u00E4nomenen
    • Beschreibung von Ph\u00E4nomenen in ihrer Vernetzung
    • Universalit\u00E4tsanspruch
  • Verwandte Gebiete
    • Informationstheorie, Kybernetik, Katastrophentheorie, Chaostheorie, Komplexe adaptive Systeme
  • Anwendung in
    • Biologie, Chemie, Informatik, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, \u0085
  • Interdisziplinarit\u00E4t behindert einheitliche Systemtheoriegen
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

System

  • Von s\u00FDstema, \u0084das Gebilde, Zusammengestellte, Verbunden\u0093
    \u0084Gesamtheit von Elementen, die so aufeinander bezogen sind und in einer Weise wechselwirken, dass sie als eine aufgaben-, sinn- oder zweckgebundene Einheit angesehen werden k\u00F6nnen und sich in dieser Hinsicht gegen\u00FCber der sie umgebenden Umwelt abgrenzen.\u0093 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/System
[Quelle: Thr\u00E4nert 2007]
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

Systeme

  • Mikroebene vs. Makroebene
  • Emergenz: \u0084Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile!\u0093 Aristoteles
  • Systeme bilden Teile von \u00FCbergeordneten Systemen
  • Modellcharakter
    • Isolierte Betrachtung
    • Systemgrenzen zweckm\u00E4\u00DFig
    • Aufbau und Funktionsweise eines Systems h\u00E4ngen von dem Standpunkt des Betrachters ab; subjektives Herausgreifen/Weglassen bestimmter Elemente/Beziehungen
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

Eigenschaften von Systemen

  • Komplexit\u00E4t/Kompliziertheit

    • Bestimmt durch Art/Zahl/St\u00E4rke/Dichte der Elemente/Beziehungen

    • Strukturelle Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl Beziehungen/Anzahl Elemente

    • Zeitliche Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl m\u00F6glicher Zust\u00E4nde

  • Dynamik

    • Betrifft zeitliches Verhalten, abh\u00E4ngig vom Beobachtungszeitraum und Beobachtungsintervall

    • Statische Systeme

    • Dynamische Systeme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

  		•    
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

  • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

    • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

  • Kopplung

    • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

  • Kontinuit\u00E4t

    • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme




Betriebliche Informationssysteme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:20:02"^^ . "

Informationssystem

 - Ein Informationssystem dient

  • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten
    • Erfassung
    • Speicherung
    • Verarbeitung
    • Pflege
    • \u00DCbertragung
    • Anzeige
    • ...
  • von Informationen und Daten
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme




Betriebliche Informationssysteme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:37:57"^^ . "

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche Betriebe\n und Verwaltungen\n \n \n \n Betriebe\n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n \n \n Private\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gewinnmaximierung,\n Privateigentum,\n Autonomieprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gemeinn\u00FCtzigkeit,\n Gemeineigentum,\n Organprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Bund, L\u00E4nder, Kommunen\n Betrieb einer Infrastruktur,\n z.B. Bildungswesen,\n Rechtswesen\n \n \n \n Fremdbedarfsdeckende\n Wirtschaftseinheit\n \n \n \n Markt,\n Wirtschaft\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Konsum, Produktion\n f\u00FCr Eigenbedarf\n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

Betrieb

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche Betriebe\n und Verwaltungen\n \n \n \n Betriebe\n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n \n \n Private\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gewinnmaximierung,\n Privateigentum,\n Autonomieprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gemeinn\u00FCtzigkeit,\n Gemeineigentum,\n Organprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Bund, L\u00E4nder, Kommunen\n Betrieb einer Infrastruktur,\n z.B. Bildungswesen,\n Rechtswesen\n \n \n \n Fremdbedarfsdeckende\n Wirtschaftseinheit\n \n \n \n Markt,\n Wirtschaft\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Konsum, Produktion\n f\u00FCr Eigenbedarf\n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:20:02"^^ . "

Betriebliches Informationssystem

  • Mensch-Aufgabe-Technik- (MAT)-Systeme
    • Soziotechnisches System (Mensch, Maschine)
    • Erzeugung und Benutzung von Informationen durch softwaretechnische Hilfsmittel
    • Verbunden \u00FCber Kommunikationssysteme
    • Zweckbestimmung (Aufgabe)
  • Leistungssystem
    • Informationsverarbeitende Teile der betrieblichen Leistungserstellung
  • Lenkungssystem
    • Planung, Steuerung, Kontrolle betrieblicher Aktivit\u00E4ten
" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

Betriebliche Informationssysteme




Betriebliche Informationssysteme

" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:10:01"^^ . "

Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme

\u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n \n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastruktur\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


" . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:30:01"^^ . "

Anwendungssystem

  • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
    • Beschaffung
    • Produktion
    • Vertrieb
    • \u0085
\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)



    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:10:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
      • Beschaffung
      • Produktion
      • Vertrieb
      • \u0085
    cs vds ds
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)
    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T13:50:01"^^ . "

    Structuring a presentation

    To structure your presentation you can use the context menu which is shown by right clicking on your deck.

    You can use drag and drop in order to change the positions of slides within a deck." . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:04:29"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
      • Beschaffung
      • Produktion
      • Vertrieb
      • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)
    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:06:09"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
      • Beschaffung
      • Produktion
      • Vertrieb
      • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)
    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:06:47"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
      • Beschaffung
      • Produktion
      • Vertrieb
      • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)
    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:20:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 
      • Beschaffung
      • Produktion
      • Vertrieb
      • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
  • existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware
  • neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme
  • Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)


    • " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:13:00"^^ . "

    • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

      • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

      • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

    • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

      • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

      • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

    • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • 31

    • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:13:18"^^ . "

    Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

      • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

      • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

    • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

      • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

      • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

    • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:00:02"^^ . "

    Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der operativen Ebene
    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene
      • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen
      • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

    • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

      • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

      • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

    • Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:20:01"^^ . "

    Ziele betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Restrukturierung und Rationalisierung von Abl\u00E4ufen/Prozessen

      • Wettbewerbsf\u00E4higkeit

      • Marktchancen

    • (Bestm\u00F6gliche) Information betrieblicher Entscheidungstr\u00E4ger auf allen Managementebenen

    • Beitrag zu (bestm\u00F6glichen) Unternehmungsentscheidungen und Controlling der Erwartungen/Auswirkungen

    • Prognose/Simulation von Entscheidungskonsequenzen 

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T14:30:01"^^ . "

    • Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

      • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

      • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

      • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

    • Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

    • Zuk\u00FCnftig

      • Seltener dedizierte
        IT-Abteilungen,
        mehr Fachabteilungen

      • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

      • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten

    • 33

    • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:00:02"^^ . "

    Funktionen eines Anwendungssystems

    \u00AB Click to add text \u00BB\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:00:02"^^ . "

    Management

    • Aufgabe

      • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

      • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

      • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

    • Ebenen, z. B.

      • Oberes Management

      • Mittleres Management

      • Operatives Management

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:10:50"^^ . "

    • Organisation (in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre)

    • Unternehmerische Funktion zur Aktion und Reaktion in einem sich \u00E4ndernden Umfeld

    • Koordination

      • bewusste Abstimmung einer arbeitsteiligen Organisation auf Unternehmensziele

    • Integration

      • Herstellung einer Einheit im Sinne eines
        lebensf\u00E4higen, produktiven Systems

    • Organisation (in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre)

    • 37

    • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Organisation (in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre)

    • zielgerichtete Integration/Koordination von Ressourcen

    • Unternehmerische Funktion zur Aktion und Reaktion in einem sich \u00E4ndernden Umfeld

    • Koordination

      • bewusste Abstimmung einer arbeitsteiligen Organisation auf Unternehmensziele

    • Integration

      • Herstellung einer Einheit im Sinne eines
        lebensf\u00E4higen, produktiven Systems

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Perspektiven

    • Instrumental

      • Das Unternehmen hat eine Organisation.

      • Organisation als Instrument (Regeln, Hierarchien)

    • Institutional

      • Das Unternehmen ist eine Organisation.

      • Organisation als zielgerichtetes soziales System

    • Funktional

      • Das Unternehmen wird organisiert.

      • Organisation/Organisieren als T\u00E4tigkeit

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Organisation \u0096 Strukturdimensionen [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

    • Grad der Arbeitsteilung (Spezialisierung)

    • Konfiguration (Aufbauorganisation)

    • Koordination (Ablauforganisation)

    • Delegation/Entscheidungsbefugnisse

    • Formalisierung

    • Organisation \u0096 Strukturdimensionen [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

    • Organisations-ebenen

    • Gesch\u00E4fts-funktionen

    • Verfahrens-richtlinien

    • Werte

    • Normen

    • Gesch\u00E4fts-prozesse

    • 39

    • Stefan K\u00FChne ? Betriebliche Informationssysteme ? VL01 \u0096 Grundlagen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Organisation \u0096 Strukturdimensionen [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

    • Grad der Arbeitsteilung (Spezialisierung)

    • Konfiguration (Aufbauorganisation)

    • Koordination (Ablauforganisation)

    • Delegation/Entscheidungsbefugnisse

    • Formalisierung

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gesch\u00E4fts-\n funktionen\n Organisations-\n ebenen\n Gesch\u00E4fts-\n prozesse\n Normen\n Werte\n Verfahrens-\n richtlinien\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:21:47"^^ . "




    Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "




    Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Schlussfolgerungen

    • Informationssysteme m\u00FCssen an Bed\u00FCrfnissen des Unternehmens angepasst sein.

    • Informationssysteme sind individuell.

    • Unternehmen muss gegen\u00FCber Einfl\u00FCssen offen sein, um von neuen Techniken zu profitieren (Anpassbarkeit).

    • Management entscheidet \u00FCber die Einf\u00FChrung bzw. Implementierung von Informationssystemen.

    • Entscheidung bzgl. Zeit- oder Ressourcenrestriktionen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Anforderungen an Informationssysteme

    • Rendite

    • Effektive Nutzung

    • Anpassung an Umweltanforderungen

    • Flexibilit\u00E4t

    • Kompatibilit\u00E4t

    • Verantwortlicher Einsatz

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "




    Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

    \n\n

    von\nAnwendungssystemen\n

    \n\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Klassifikationskriterien

    • Anwendungsbereich

    • zugrunde liegende Hardwarearchitektur

      • Arbeitsplatzrechner

      • Gro\u00DFrechner

    • zugrunde liegende Softwarearchitektur

      • Desktopsysteme

      • Client/Server-Systeme

      • Verteilte Systeme

    • Art der einsetzenden Organisation

      • branchenneutrale Systeme

      • branchenspezifische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:00:02"^^ . "

    Administrations- und Dispositionssysteme

    • Administrationssysteme

      • Administrationssysteme zielen auf die Rationalisierung der Massendatenverarbeitung und damit auf Rationalisierungsnutzen, aber auch auf die Beschleunigung von Prozessen bzw. auf Durchlaufzeitverk\u00FCrzung.

    • Dispositionssysteme

      • \u00DCber die reine Administration hinaus haben Dispositionssysteme die Aufgabe, entweder menschliche Entscheidungen vorzubereiten oder sie zu er\u00FCbrigen, indem die Rechenanlage die Entscheidungen selbst trifft.

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T15:53:35"^^ . "

    Planungs- und Kontrollsysteme

    • Planungssysteme

      • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten

      • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen

      • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t

      • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management

      • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

    • Kontrollsysteme

      • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen

      • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin

      • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Planungs- und Kontrollsysteme

    • Planungssysteme

      • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten

      • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen

      • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t

      • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management

      • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

    • Kontrollsysteme

      • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen

      • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin

      • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Grad der Integration

    • funktional/operativ

      • Beschaffung

      • Logistik

      • etc.

    • integriert

      • innerhalb von Organisationen

      • zwischen Organisationen

    • sonstiges

      • Kommunikation

      • Verwaltung

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:00:30"^^ . "

    Funktionale Einordnung/organisatorische Ebene

    \n \n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "

    Funktionale Einordnung/organisatorische Ebene

    \n \n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "

    Beziehungen zwischen Anwendungssystemen

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n FUS\n EUS\n Operative\n Systeme\n MIS\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:10:01"^^ . "

    Zusammenfassung

    • Information

    • System

    • Informationssystem

    • Betriebliches Informationssystem

    • Anwendungssystem

    • Anwendungssystemklassen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:10:01"^^ . "

    Quellen

    • [Ortner 1983] Ortner, E.: Aspekte einer Konstruktionssprache f\u00FCr den Datenbankentwurf. S. Toeche-Mittler Verlag: Darmstadt, 1983

    • [Gutenberg 1979] Gutenberg, Erich: Grundlagen der Betriebswirtschaftlehre. Band 1, Springer, Berlin u. a., 1979.

    • [Krcmar, 2009]

    • [Thr\u00E4nert 2007]

    • [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:20:01"^^ . "

    Dispositions-systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:20:01"^^ . "

    Lernziel

    Begriffe im Umfeld betrieblicher Informationssysteme


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:12:26"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme








    Betriebliche Informationssysteme\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:13:17"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme







    Betriebliche Informationssysteme\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:20:01"^^ . "







    Betriebliche Informationssysteme\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:14:15"^^ . "

    Daten vs Information



    Layer 1\n \n \n \n Elektronische\n Datenverarbeitung\n Informations- und\n Kommunikations-\n technik\n ?\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:15:46"^^ . "

    Daten vs Information

    \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n Elektronische\n Datenverarbeitung\n Informations- und\n Kommunikations-\n technik\n ?\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T13:00:01"^^ . "

    Daten vs Information

    \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n Elektronische\n Datenverarbeitung\n Informations- und\n Kommunikations-\n technik\n ?\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T13:30:01"^^ . "

    Daten vs Information

    \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n Daten\n Information\n ?\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:30:02"^^ . "

    Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Information\n Daten\n Zeichen, Signale\n 1850 DWZ\n 1850\n 1\n 2\n 3\n ...\n Kontext\n Syntax\n Zeichenvorrat\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:30:02"^^ . "

    Begriffstetraeder

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n Begriff, Information, Wissen\n Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung\n Gegenstand\n Wort, Bild\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abstractum\n Intension\n Concretum\n Extension\n [Quelle: Ortner 1983]\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:30:01"^^ . "

    Sichtweisen auf Information

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n Information\n Kommunikations-\n theorie\n Betriebswirtschaft\n Semiotik\n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:30:01"^^ . "

    Sichtweisen auf Information

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n Information\n Kommunikations-\n theorie\n Betriebswirtschaft\n Semiotik\n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:10:01"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Grenzkosten\n \n \n \n Logistik\n \n \n \n Besitz\n \n \n \n Schutz\n \n \n \n Teilbarkeit\n \n \n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n Vervielf\u00E4ltigungs-\n kosten\n \n \n \n \n \n Wertverlust bei\n Gebrauch\n \n \n \n \n Marktwert\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:22:14"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

    • Entscheidungsprozesse\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    • Informationsbedarf
      • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)
      • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung
        • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf
        • Objektiver Informationsbedarf
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:24:05"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

    • Entscheidungsprozesse\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    • Informationsbedarf
      • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)
      • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung
        • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf
        • Objektiver Informationsbedarf


    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:24:41"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

    • Entscheidungsprozesse\n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    • Informationsbedarf
      • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)
      • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung
        • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf
        • Objektiver Informationsbedarf
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

     - Entscheidungsprozesse
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)
    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung
      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf
      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme




    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    Kurze Einf\u00FChrung Systemtheorie

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "





    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    Kurze Einf\u00FChrung Systemtheorie

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:32:35"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		   
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t
      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen
    • Kopplung
      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung
    • Kontinuit\u00E4t
      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		   
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t
      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen
    • Kopplung
      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung
    • Kontinuit\u00E4t
      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:33:46"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme






    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:50:01"^^ . "






    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:34:26"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme





    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:34:35"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme







    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "







    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "

    Betrieb

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche Betriebe\n und Verwaltungen\n \n \n \n Betriebe\n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n \n \n Private\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \u00D6ffentliche\n Haushalte\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gewinnmaximierung,\n Privateigentum,\n Autonomieprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Gemeinn\u00FCtzigkeit,\n Gemeineigentum,\n Organprinzip\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Bund, L\u00E4nder, Kommunen\n Betrieb einer Infrastruktur,\n z.B. Bildungswesen,\n Rechtswesen\n \n \n \n Fremdbedarfsdeckende\n Wirtschaftseinheit\n \n \n \n Markt,\n Wirtschaft\n \n \n \n \n Wirtschafts-\n einheit\n \n Konsum, Produktion\n f\u00FCr Eigenbedarf\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:35:56"^^ . "

    Betriebliche Informationssysteme






    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:36:03"^^ . "






    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:40:01"^^ . "








    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n \n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastruktur\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:50:01"^^ . "

    Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:50:01"^^ . "








    Betriebliche Informationssysteme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:00:02"^^ . "

    Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

    		   
     
     
     
     
     

     

    • Klassish

      • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

      • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

      • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

     

    • Zuk\u00FCnftig

      • Seltener dedizierte
        IT-Abteilungen,
        mehr Fachabteilungen

      • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

      • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten


     
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:00:02"^^ . "

    Funktionen eines Anwendungssystems

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Management und Organisation

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n \n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Infrastruktur\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:53:35"^^ . "

    Management

    • Aufgabe

      • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

      • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

      • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

    • Ebenen, z. B.

      • Oberes Management

      • Mittleres Management

      • Operatives Management

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T16:54:12"^^ . "

    Management

    • Aufgabe

      • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

      • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

      • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

    • Ebenen, z. B.

      • Oberes Management

      • Mittleres Management

      • Operatives Management

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Management

    • Aufgabe

      • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

      • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

      • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

    • Ebenen, z. B.

      • Oberes Management

      • Mittleres Management

      • Operatives Management

    \n \n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "







    Einfluss von betrieblichen Informationssystemen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Informationssysteme beeinflussen Unternehmen und umgekehrt

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n Unternehmen\n Informationssystem\n \n Unternehmensziele\n Unternehmensumwelt\n Unternehmenskultur\n Organisationsstruktur\n Verfahrensrichtlinien\n Gesch\u00E4ftsprozesse\n Politik\n Management\n Zuf\u00E4lle\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:01:46"^^ . "









    Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

    \n\n

    von\nAnwendungssystemen\n

    \n\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:01:56"^^ . "









    Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

    \n\n

    von\nAnwendungssystemen\n

    \n\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:02:08"^^ . "








    Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

    \n\n

    von\nAnwendungssystemen\n

    \n\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "







    Klassifikation(-sans\u00E4tze)

    \n\n

    von\nAnwendungssystemen\n

    \n\n

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "

    Funktionale Einordnung/organisatorische Ebene

    \n \n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T17:10:01"^^ . "

    Beziehungen zwischen Anwendungssystemen

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n FUS\n EUS\n Operative\n Systeme\n MIS\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T20:06:59"^^ . "

    Introduction

    SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way.In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig. To get more information on how to employ the different features of SlideWiki, please read the documentation.

    " . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T20:20:01"^^ . "

    Introduction

    SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way. In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig. To get more information on how to employ the different features of SlideWiki, please read the documentation.

    " . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T20:13:17"^^ . "

    Introduction

    SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way. In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig. To get more information on how to employ the different features of SlideWiki, please read the documentation\n

    \n\n\n\n
    \n

    " . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T21:10:01"^^ . "

    Introduction

    SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way. In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig. To get more information on how to employ the different features of SlideWiki, please read the documentation\n

    \n\n\n\n
    \n

    " . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-29T21:10:01"^^ . "

    Introduction

    SlideWiki is a platform created as a proof of concept for CrowdLearn\n concept. The CrowdLearn concept exploits the wisdom, creativity and \nproductivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically \nstructured E-Learning content. With SlideWiki users can create and \ncollaborate on educational slides, diagrams, assessments and arrange \nslides in presentations. Presentations can be organized hierarchically, \nso as to structure them reasonably according to their content.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki empowers extremly large communities of instructors, \nteachers, lecturers, academics to create, share and re-use sophisticated\n educational content in a truly collaborative way. In addition to \nimporting PowerPoint presentations, it supports authoring of interactive\n online slides using HTML and LateX. Slides and their containers (called\n Deck), are versioned thereby enabling change tracking. Users can create\n their own themes on top of existing themes or re-use other's themes.

    \n\t\t\t

    SlideWiki is developed and maintained by AKSW research group at University of Leipzig.

    \n\n\n\n
    \n

    " . . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:10:01"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n Grenzkosten\n \n \n \n Logistik\n \n \n \n Besitz\n \n \n \n Schutz\n \n \n \n Teilbarkeit\n \n \n \n ...\n \n \n \n \n Vervielf\u00E4ltigungs-\n kosten\n \n \n \n \n \n Wertverlust bei\n Gebrauch\n \n \n \n \n Marktwert\n \n Materielles Wirtschaftsgut\n Information\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:20:01"^^ . "

    Lernziel

    Begriffe im Umfeld betrieblicher Informationssysteme


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-04-02T13:40:01"^^ . "

    Intuitives Verst\u00E4ndnis


    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Information\n Daten\n Zeichen, Signale\n 1850 DWZ\n 1850\n 1\n 2\n 3\n ...\n Kontext\n Syntax\n Zeichenvorrat\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:01"^^ . "

    Begriffstetraeder


    \n \n \n Layer 1\n Begriff, Information, Wissen\n Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung\n Gegenstand\n Wort, Bild\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abstractum\n Intension\n Concretum\n Extension\n [Quelle: Ortner 1983]\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:33:17"^^ . "

    Begriffstetraeder


    \n \n \n Wort, Bild\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abstractum\n Intension\n Concretum\n Extension\n [Quelle: Ortner 1983]\n \n Layer 1\n Begriff, Information, Wissen\n \n Gegenstand\n \n \n Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung\n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:01"^^ . "

    Begriffstetraeder


    \n \n \n Wort, Bild\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abstractum\n Intension\n Concretum\n Extension\n [Quelle: Ortner 1983]\n \n Layer 1\n Begriff, Information, Wissen\n \n Gegenstand\n \n \n Mentale Repr\u00E4sentation, Vorstellung\n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:01"^^ . "

    Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

    Produktionsfaktoren [Gutenberg 1979]

    • Elementarfaktoren:
      objektbezogene Arbeitsleistung, Betriebsmittel und Werkstoffe

    • Dispositive Faktoren:
      Betriebs- und Gesch\u00E4ftsleitung, Organisation und Planung

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr produktions- und kostentheoretischen \u00DCberlegungen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

    Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

    Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

    Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus

    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:40:34"^^ . "

    Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

     - Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

     - Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus

    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

    Information \u0096 Betriebswirtschaftliches Verst\u00E4ndnis

     - Information als Produktionsfaktor

    • immaterielle aber keineswegs kostenlose Ressource

     - Information als Produkt

    • Informationen unterliegen einem Lebenszyklus

    • Wertabh\u00E4ngige Behandlung von Informationen

    • Grundlage f\u00FCr neue Gesch\u00E4ftsmodelle (Google, Xing)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:41:50"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
     
     
     
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
     
     
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:40:01"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:50:01"^^ . "

    Verwandte Konzepte

     - Informationsversorgung

    • Informationsbedarf

    • Informationsangebot

     - Informationsmanagement

    • Informationsasymmetrien

    • Informationsfluss

    • Datenqualit\u00E4tsmanagement

    • Dokumentenmanagement

    • Wissensmanagement

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:48:36"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

     - Entscheidungsprozesse
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)

    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung

      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf

      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

     - Entscheidungsprozesse
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)

    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung

      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf

      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T13:51:48"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

     - Entscheidungsprozesse   

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)

    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung

      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf

      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

    Informationsbedarf

     - Entscheidungsprozesse   

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - Informationsbedarf

    • Art, Menge und Beschaffenheit von Informationen, die f\u00FCr eine (fundierte) Entscheidung erforderlich ist (z.B. Qualit\u00E4t, Vollst\u00E4ndigkeit, Sicht, Zeit)

    • Definiert durch Entscheider bzw. Anforderungen an Entscheidung

      • Subjektiver Informationsbedarf

      • Objektiver Informationsbedarf

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Informations-\n bedarf\n Problem-\n definition\n Bedarfs-\n analyse\n Bewertung\n Erhebung\n Nutzung\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

    Informationsangebot

    • Bestimmt wie gut Informationsbedarf f\u00FCr eine Entscheidung abgedeckt werden kann

    • Definiert durch Menge an verf\u00FCgbaren unternehmensinternen und -externen Informationen

      • Breite und Tiefe der Informationsbasis

      • Strukturierung, Filterung, Integration

    • Organisations\u00FCbergreifende Integration erfordert

      • Standardisierte Begriffe

      • Kompatible Schnittstellen

      • Individuelle Verarbeitungsleistungen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:00:01"^^ . "

    Intension und Entwicklungen der Systemtheorie

    • Interdisziplin\u00E4res Erkenntnismodell

    • Grundlage: Allgemeine Systemtheorie von Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1950)

      • Statt isolierte Betrachtung von Einzelph\u00E4nomenen

      • Beschreibung von Ph\u00E4nomenen in ihrer Vernetzung

      • Universalit\u00E4tsanspruch

    • Verwandte Gebiete

      • Informationstheorie, Kybernetik, Katastrophentheorie, Chaostheorie, Komplexe adaptive Systeme

    • Anwendung in

      • Biologie, Chemie, Informatik, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, \u0085

    • Interdisziplinarit\u00E4t behindert einheitliche Systemtheoriegen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

    System

    • Von s\u00FDstema, \u0084das Gebilde, Zusammengestellte, Verbunden\u0093

      \u0084Gesamtheit von Elementen, die so aufeinander bezogen sind und in einer Weise wechselwirken, dass sie als eine aufgaben-, sinn- oder zweckgebundene Einheit angesehen werden k\u00F6nnen und sich in dieser Hinsicht gegen\u00FCber der sie umgebenden Umwelt abgrenzen.\u0093

      http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/System

    [Quelle: Thr\u00E4nert 2007]
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

    Systeme

    • Mikroebene vs. Makroebene

    • Emergenz: \u0084Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile!\u0093 Aristoteles

    • Systeme bilden Teile von \u00FCbergeordneten Systemen

    • Modellcharakter

      • Isolierte Betrachtung

      • Systemgrenzen zweckm\u00E4\u00DFig

      • Aufbau und Funktionsweise eines Systems h\u00E4ngen von dem Standpunkt des Betrachters ab; subjektives Herausgreifen/Weglassen bestimmter Elemente/Beziehungen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:03:07"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen

     - Komplexit\u00E4t/Kompliziertheit

    • Bestimmt durch Art/Zahl/St\u00E4rke/Dichte der Elemente/Beziehungen

    • Strukturelle Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl Beziehungen/Anzahl Elemente

    • Zeitliche Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl m\u00F6glicher Zust\u00E4nde

     - Dynamik

    • Betrifft zeitliches Verhalten, abh\u00E4ngig vom Beobachtungszeitraum und Beobachtungsintervall

    • Statische Systeme

    • Dynamische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:01"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen

     - Komplexit\u00E4t/Kompliziertheit

    • Bestimmt durch Art/Zahl/St\u00E4rke/Dichte der Elemente/Beziehungen

    • Strukturelle Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl Beziehungen/Anzahl Elemente

    • Zeitliche Komplexit\u00E4t: Anzahl m\u00F6glicher Zust\u00E4nde

     - Dynamik

    • Betrifft zeitliches Verhalten, abh\u00E4ngig vom Beobachtungszeitraum und Beobachtungsintervall

    • Statische Systeme

    • Dynamische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:20:02"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     

  • Isolierte Systeme

    • o
    o
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x
    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t
      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen
    • Kopplung
      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung
    • Kontinuit\u00E4t
      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:10:04"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		     
     
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
     

  • Isolierte Systeme

    • o
    o
     
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

    • Kopplung

      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

    • Kontinuit\u00E4t

      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:11:04"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		     
     
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
     

  • Isolierte Systeme

    • o
    o
     
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

    • Kopplung

      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

    • Kontinuit\u00E4t

      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:12:10"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		     
     
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
     
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
     
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

    • Kopplung

      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

    • Kontinuit\u00E4t

      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:13:03"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

    		     
     
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
     
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
     
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

    • Kopplung

      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

    • Kontinuit\u00E4t

      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:20:02"^^ . "

    Eigenschaften von Systemen (2)

     
     
    Wechselwirkungen:
    Stoffaustausch
    Energieaustausch
     
     
  • Isolierte Systeme
    • o
    o
     
     
  • Geschlossene Systeme
    • o
    x
     
     
  • Offene Systeme
    • x
    x

    • Adaptivit\u00E4t/Flexibilit\u00E4t

      • F\u00E4higkeit zur Anpassung an ge\u00E4nderte Umweltbedingungen

    • Kopplung

      • Loose Kopplung vs. enge Kopplung

    • Kontinuit\u00E4t

      • (zeit-/zustands-)diskrete Systeme vs. kontinuierliche Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:15:32"^^ . "

    Informationssystem

     - Ein Informationssystem dient

    • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten

      • Erfassung

      • Speicherung

      • Verarbeitung

      • Pflege

      • \u00DCbertragung

      • Anzeige

      • ...

    • von Informationen und Daten

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:16:29"^^ . "

    Informationssystem

     - Ein Informationssystem dient

    • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten

      • Erfassung

      • Speicherung

      • Verarbeitung

      • Pflege

      • \u00DCbertragung

      • Anzeige

      • ...

    • von Informationen und Daten

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:17:14"^^ . "

    Informationssystem

     - Ein Informationssystem dient

    • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten

      • Erfassung

      • Speicherung

      • Verarbeitung

      • Pflege

      • \u00DCbertragung

      • Anzeige

      • ...

    • von Informationen und Daten
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:20:02"^^ . "

    Informationssystem

     - Ein Informationssystem dient

    • der rechnergest\u00FCtzten

      • Erfassung

      • Speicherung

      • Verarbeitung

      • Pflege

      • \u00DCbertragung

      • Anzeige

      • ...

    • von Informationen und Daten
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:30:01"^^ . "

    Betriebliches Informationssystem

    • Mensch-Aufgabe-Technik- (MAT)-Systeme

      • Soziotechnisches System (Mensch, Maschine)

      • Erzeugung und Benutzung von Informationen durch softwaretechnische Hilfsmittel

      • Verbunden \u00FCber Kommunikationssysteme

      • Zweckbestimmung (Aufgabe)

    • Leistungssystem

      • Informationsverarbeitende Teile der betrieblichen Leistungserstellung

    • Lenkungssystem

      • Planung, Steuerung, Kontrolle betrieblicher Aktivit\u00E4ten

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:30:01"^^ . "

    Betriebliches Informationssystem

     - Mensch-Aufgabe-Technik- (MAT)-Systeme

    • Soziotechnisches System (Mensch, Maschine)

    • Erzeugung und Benutzung von Informationen durch softwaretechnische Hilfsmittel

    • Verbunden \u00FCber Kommunikationssysteme

    • Zweckbestimmung (Aufgabe)

     - Leistungssystem

    • Informationsverarbeitende Teile der betrieblichen Leistungserstellung

     -  Lenkungssystem

    • Planung, Steuerung, Kontrolle betrieblicher Aktivit\u00E4ten
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:23:48"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:24:07"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     

    - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:25:05"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     

    - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:25:23"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     


    - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:26:08"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

    - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:27:16"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

    - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:27:26"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

    • f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

      • Beschaffung

      • Produktion

      • Vertrieb

      • \u0085

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:28:27"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

     - f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

    • Beschaffung
    • Produktion
    • Vertrieb
    • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:28:50"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

     - f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

    • Beschaffung
    • Produktion
    • Vertrieb
    • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:40:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

     - f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

    • Beschaffung
    • Produktion
    • Vertrieb
    • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:40:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssystem

     - f\u00FCr Anwendungsbereiche wie 

    • Beschaffung
    • Produktion
    • Vertrieb
    • \u0085
    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anwendungssystem\n Umwelt\n \n \n Kunde\n Lieferant\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n \n \n Wettbewerber\n \n \n \n Eigent\u00FCmer\n \n \n \n Beh\u00F6rden\n \n \n Eingabe\n \n \n Verarbeitung\n Klassifizierung\n Strukturierung\n Berechnung\n Ausgabe\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

     - existieren Anwendungsprogramme bzw. Anwendungssoftware

     - neben Software auch Hardware und Betriebssysteme

     - Einbettung in organisatorisches Umfeld (Arbeitsabl\u00E4ufe)


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T14:52:46"^^ . "

    Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der operativen Ebene

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

      • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

      • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

    • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

      • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

      • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:00:02"^^ . "

    Aufgaben betrieblicher Anwendungssysteme

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der operativen Ebene

    • Automatisierung von Aufgaben der administrativen und strategischen Ebene

      • Technische Infrastruktur zur Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation innerhalb und zwischen Unternehmen

      • Analyse und Beschreibung von Abl\u00E4ufen im Unternehmen

    • Strategische Weiterentwicklung der IKT-Nutzung

      • Organisation und Sicherung der DV-Nutzung

      • Analyse von Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit des Computereinsatzes

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

     
    • Klassisch

      • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

      • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

      • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

    • Zuk\u00FCnftig
      • Seltener dedizierte, IT-Abteilungen, mehr Fachabteilungen

      • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

      • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten

     
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Ver\u00E4nderungen in der Softwarepolitik

    		   
     
     

    • Klassisch

      • Beteiligte sind Systemanalytiker, Programmierer und Mitarbeiter IT-Abteilung

      • Informatik/Technik-dominierte Projektgestaltung

      • Wenig Vertreter aus Fachabtei-lungen als Requirements- und Wissenslieferanten

    • Zuk\u00FCnftig

      • Seltener dedizierte, IT-Abteilungen, mehr Fachabteilungen

      • Parametrisierte Standardsoftware

      • Anwender mit Informatik-Kenntnissen steigern Anteil/Bedeutung von Fachwissen in Systementwicklungsprojekten


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Management

    • Aufgabe

      • Situationen einsch\u00E4tzen

      • Entscheidungen f\u00E4llen

      • L\u00F6sungswege schaffen

    • Ebenen, z. B.

      • Oberes Management

      • Mittleres Management

      • Operatives Management

    \n \n \n \n Vertrieb\n Marketing\n Fertigung\n Produktion\n Finanz- und\n Rechnungs-\n wesen\n Personal-\n wesen\n Operative\n Ebene\n Management-\n Ebene\n Ebene\n Strategische\n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:10:01"^^ . "

    Perspektiven

    • Instrumental

      • Das Unternehmen hat eine Organisation.

      • Organisation als Instrument (Regeln, Hierarchien)

    • Institutional

      • Das Unternehmen ist eine Organisation.

      • Organisation als zielgerichtetes soziales System

    • Funktional

      • Das Unternehmen wird organisiert.

      • Organisation/Organisieren als T\u00E4tigkeit

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Organisation \u0096 Strukturdimensionen [Kornmeier und Schneider 2008]

    • Grad der Arbeitsteilung (Spezialisierung)

    • Konfiguration (Aufbauorganisation)

    • Koordination (Ablauforganisation)

    • Delegation/Entscheidungsbefugnisse

    • Formalisierung

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gesch\u00E4fts-\n funktionen\n Organisations-\n ebenen\n Gesch\u00E4fts-\n prozesse\n Normen\n Werte\n Verfahrens-\n richtlinien\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:20:01"^^ . "

    Informationssysteme beeinflussen Unternehmen und umgekehrt

    \n \n \n \n \n Unternehmen\n Informationssystem\n Layer 1\n \n \n Unternehmensziele\n Unternehmensumwelt\n Unternehmenskultur\n Organisationsstruktur\n Verfahrensrichtlinien\n Gesch\u00E4ftsprozesse\n Politik\n Management\n Zuf\u00E4lle\n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:17:27"^^ . "

    Klassifikationskriterien

    • Anwendungsbereich

    • zugrunde liegende Hardwarearchitektur

      • Arbeitsplatzrechner

      • Gro\u00DFrechner

    • zugrunde liegende Softwarearchitektur

      • Desktopsysteme

      • Client/Server-Systeme

      • Verteilte Systeme

    • Art der einsetzenden Organisation

      • branchenneutrale Systeme

      • branchenspezifische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Klassifikationskriterien

    • Anwendungsbereich

    • zugrunde liegende Hardwarearchitektur

      • Arbeitsplatzrechner

      • Gro\u00DFrechner

    • zugrunde liegende Softwarearchitektur

      • Desktopsysteme

      • Client/Server-Systeme

      • Verteilte Systeme

    • Art der einsetzenden Organisation

      • branchenneutrale Systeme

      • branchenspezifische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Klassifikationskriterien

    • Anwendungsbereich

    • zugrunde liegende Hardwarearchitektur

      • Arbeitsplatzrechner

      • Gro\u00DFrechner

    • zugrunde liegende Softwarearchitektur

      • Desktopsysteme
      • Client/Server-Systeme
      • Verteilte Systeme

    • Art der einsetzenden Organisation

      • branchenneutrale Systeme

      • branchenspezifische Systeme

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:22:23"^^ . "

    Planungs- und Kontrollsysteme

    • Planungssysteme
      • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten
      • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen

      • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t

      • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management

      • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

    • Kontrollsysteme

      • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen

      • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin

      • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Planungs- und Kontrollsysteme

    • Planungssysteme

      • Planung ist die Ermittlung von Sollvorgaben aus Vergangenheitsdaten
      • Entscheidungen auch bei schlecht strukturierten Problemen
      • keine vorgegebene Periodizit\u00E4t
      • Planungsmodelle erstellt das Top-Management
      • Entscheidungsfindung durch Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

    • Kontrollsysteme

      • F\u00FCr die \u00DCberwachung der Einhaltung von Pl\u00E4nen
      • weisen ggf. auf einzuleitende Ma\u00DFnahmen hin
      • Prinzip: Symptomerkennung \u0096 Diagnose \u0096 Therapievorschlag \u0096Therapieprognose
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:30:01"^^ . "

    Grad der Integration

     - funktional/operativ

    • Beschaffung
    • Logistik
    • etc.

     - integriert

    • innerhalb von Organisationen
    • zwischen Organisationen

     - sonstiges

    • Kommunikation 
    • Verwaltung
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:32:55"^^ . "

    Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme


    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n Infrastruktur\n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Informationssysteme vs. Anwendungssysteme

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n Infrastruktur\n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T15:40:01"^^ . "

    Management und Organisation

    \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche Aufgaben\n Prozesse\n \n \n \n \n \n Anwen-\n dungen\n Anwendungssystem (Technik)\n Informationssystem\n \n \n Management\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Daten\n Infrastruktur\n \n \n Organisation\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n



    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:10:12"^^ . "

    Grad der\nEntscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:10:22"^^ . "

    Grad der Entscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

    Grad der\nEntscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:10:33"^^ . "

    Grad der Entscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:30:01"^^ . "

    Grad der Entscheidungsunterst\u00FCtzung

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche\n Anwendungssysteme\n Operative\n Systeme\n Analyse-\n systeme\n Administrations-\n systeme\n systeme\n systeme\n systeme\n Dispositions-\n Planungs-\n Kontroll-\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T16:20:10"^^ . "

    Grad der

    \n \n \n Layer 1\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Betriebliche\n Anwendungssysteme\n Operative\n Systeme\n Analyse-\n systeme\n Administrations-\n systeme\n systeme\n systeme\n systeme\n Dispositions-\n Planungs-\n Kontroll-\n \n


    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:32:20"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:20:59"^^ . "

    new slide

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:31:20"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    		  
     
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:20:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:21:30"^^ . "

    Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation (2)

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:23:31"^^ . "

    Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation (2)

    • FUS

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nstrategischen Ebene des Unternehmens, die die unstrukturierte\nEntscheidungsfindung insbesondere durch erweiterte Grafik- und\nKommunikationsfunktionen unterst\u00FCtzen sollen.

    \n\n
    • MIS

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nManagementebene eines Unternehmens, die durch die Bereitstellung von\nStandard\u00FCbersichtsberichten sowie Berichten \u00FCber Abweichungen der Planung,\nKontrolle und Entscheidungsfindung dienen.\n

    \n\n
    • EUS

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nmittleren Managementebenen von Unternehmen, die Daten mit ausgekl\u00FCgelten\nanalytischen Modellen oder Datenanalysewerkzeugen kombinieren, um schwach\nstrukturierte oder unstrukturierte Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse zu\nunterst\u00FCtzen.\n

    \n\n
    • Operative Systeme

    \n\n

    Anwendungssysteme, die\ndie t\u00E4glichen, f\u00FCr den Gesch\u00E4ftsbetrieb notwendigen Routinetransaktionen\nausf\u00FChren und aufzeichnen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:24:30"^^ . "

    Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation (2)

    FUS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nstrategischen Ebene des Unternehmens, die die unstrukturierte\nEntscheidungsfindung insbesondere durch erweiterte Grafik- und\nKommunikationsfunktionen unterst\u00FCtzen sollen.

    \n\n

    MIS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nManagementebene eines Unternehmens, die durch die Bereitstellung von\nStandard\u00FCbersichtsberichten sowie Berichten \u00FCber Abweichungen der Planung,\nKontrolle und Entscheidungsfindung dienen.\n

    \n\n

    EUS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nmittleren Managementebenen von Unternehmen, die Daten mit ausgekl\u00FCgelten\nanalytischen Modellen oder Datenanalysewerkzeugen kombinieren, um schwach\nstrukturierte oder unstrukturierte Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse zu\nunterst\u00FCtzen.\n

    \n\n

    Operative Systeme -

    \n\n

    Anwendungssysteme, die\ndie t\u00E4glichen, f\u00FCr den Gesch\u00E4ftsbetrieb notwendigen Routinetransaktionen\nausf\u00FChren und aufzeichnen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:30:01"^^ . "

    Anwendungssysteme \u0096 Beispiele und Klassifikation (2)

    FUS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nstrategischen Ebene des Unternehmens, die die unstrukturierte\nEntscheidungsfindung insbesondere durch erweiterte Grafik- und\nKommunikationsfunktionen unterst\u00FCtzen sollen.

    \n\n

    MIS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nManagementebene eines Unternehmens, die durch die Bereitstellung von\nStandard\u00FCbersichtsberichten sowie Berichten \u00FCber Abweichungen der Planung,\nKontrolle und Entscheidungsfindung dienen.\n

    \n\n

    EUS -

    \n\n

    Systeme auf der\nmittleren Managementebenen von Unternehmen, die Daten mit ausgekl\u00FCgelten\nanalytischen Modellen oder Datenanalysewerkzeugen kombinieren, um schwach\nstrukturierte oder unstrukturierte Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse zu\nunterst\u00FCtzen.\n

    \n\n

    Operative Systeme -

    \n\n

    Anwendungssysteme, die\ndie t\u00E4glichen, f\u00FCr den Gesch\u00E4ftsbetrieb notwendigen Routinetransaktionen\nausf\u00FChren und aufzeichnen

    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:33:32"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
     
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:33:54"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:34:57"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:36:02"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:37:23"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:38:26"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:39:14"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:50:01"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Begrenzte Kombinationsm\u00F6glichkeiten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Ansammlung schafft bereits neue Qualit\u00E4ten, weitgehende M\u00F6glichkeiten der Erweiterung und Verdichtung

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    " . . "new slide created!" . "CC BY" . . "2012-03-30T17:41:44"^^ . "

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut vs. Informationen

    \n
    \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n
    \n

    Materielles Wirtschaftsgut

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Information

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Hohe Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Niedrige Vervielf\u00E4ltigungskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Angleichung der Grenzkosten an die Durchschnittskosten

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Grenzkosten der (Re-)Produktion nahe Null

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Gebrauch

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Individueller Besitz

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Vielfacher Besitz m\u00F6glich

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Wertverlust durch Teilung, begrenzte Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Kein Wertverlust durch Teilung, fast beliebige Teilbarkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Identifikations- und Schutzm\u00F6glichkeit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Probleme des Datenschutzes und der Datensicherheit

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik oft aufw\u00E4ndig

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Logistik einfach

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert im Markt ermittelbar

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Preis/Wert nur schwer bestimmbar

    \n
    \n